Abstract
The current work was carried out to isolate , characterize , estimate and evaluate the biochemical activity of lipids from Iraqi Capparis spinosa L. leaves buds against three pathogenic fungi. The active isolated lipids were identified by using Gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. The concentration of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 mg/ml recorded inhibition zone diameters equal to 10,17,16,17 and 17 mm respectively against Aspergillus flavus fungus. Also the same concentrations showed inhibition zone diameters represented by 17,16,19,19 and 19 mm respectively against Rhizopus fungus whereas the concentrations of active lipids gave 40,37,35,25 and 25 mm respectively towards growth of Candida albicans fungus. Therefore the isolated active lipids of Capparis spinosa leaves buds can be used safely to treat various diseases caused by these pathogenic micro-organisms instead of antibiotics but this work demands further clinical and pharmaceutical studies.
Key words: Capparis spinosa, Active lipids, Pathogenic fungi, GC-MS technique, Active chemical groups
References
- Rodrigues, C. G.; Ferreira, P. R. B.; Mendes, C. S. O.; Junior, R. R.; Valerio, H. M.; Brandi, I. V. and Oliveira, D. A. Antibacterial activity of tamins from Psidium guineense Sw. (Mytaceae). Medicinal Plant Res., 8 (35):1095 – 1100. 2014.
- Al-Salman, S. J. A.; Abd-Al-MAjeed, M. I.; Al-Ghizawi, G. J. and Al-Maliki, A. M. Evaluation of antibacterial and Cytotoxicity activities of 5 – nitro acetyl salicylic acid and 5 – bromo acetyl salicylic acid compounds. J. Med. Sic. and Clin. Res., 5 (3): 19578 – 19583. 2017.
- Nassem, U.; Khurram, Amin, M. U.; Afridi, H. H.; Khan, F. A.; Khayam, M. U.; Saleem, U.; Najeeb, U.; Hussain, J. and Khan, M. A. Comparison of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of Mentha spicata from four northern district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Appl. Parmac. Sci., 1 (7): 72 – 76. 2011.
- Parekh, J. and Chanda, S. In vitro screening of antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of various Indian plant species against selected pathogens from Enterobacteriaceae. J. Microbial. Res., 1 (6): 92 – 99. 2007.
- Hudson, E.A; Dinh, P. A.; Kokubun, T.; Simmonds, M. S. J. and Gescher, A. Characterization of potentially chemoprev-entive phenols in extracts of brown rice that inhibit the growth of human breast and colon cancer cells. Cancer Epidemiology, 9: 1163 – 1170. 2000.
- Padmin, E.; Valarmathi, A. and Rani, U. M. Comparative analysis of chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Mentha spicata and Camellia sinensis. Asian Exp. Biol. Sci., 1 (4): 772 – 778. 2010.
- Al-Maliki, A. D.M. and Badr, S. Q. Isolation and identification of tannins from Cuminum cyminum seeds and study of their medicinal activity against selective types of pathogenic fungi. J. Missan Res., 8 (16): 147 – 161. 2012.
- Park, M. ; Gawk, S. K.; Yang, I.; Chio, W. S.; Jo, H. J.; Chang, J. W.; Jeung, E. B and Choi, I. G. antifungal activity of the essential oils in Syzygium oromaticum (L.). J. Micribiology, 45 (5): 460 – 465. 2007.
- Cowan, M.M. C. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Microb. Rev., 12 (4): 564 – 582. 1997.
- Webester, J. and Weber, R. W. S. Introduction to fungi. 3rd. ed., Cambridge, pp 841. 2007.
- Hazen, K. C. and Howell, S. A. Candida Cryptococcus and another yeasts of medical importance. In: Manual of clinical microbiology. 9th, Washington, D.C. ASM Press, 1762 – 1788.
- dEnfect, C. and Hube, B. Candida Comparative and functional genomics. Caister Academic Press. ISBN, 9781904455 3M.
- Odds, F. C.; Gow, N. A. and Brown, A. J. Toward a molecular understanding of Candida albicans In: Molecular principles of fungal pathogenesis. Heitman, J.; Filler, S. G.; Edwards, J. E. and Mitchell, A. P., pp 305 – 319.
- Rahnavard, R. and Razavi, N. A review on the medical effects of Capparis spinosa Advanced Herbal Medicine., 2 (1): 44 – 53. 2016.
- Mahboubi, M. and Mahboubi, A. Antimicrobial activity of Capparis spinosa and its usage in traditional medicine. Herba Polonica., 60 (1): 10 – 24. 2014.
- Moulia, M.; El-Zhary, Kh.; Elouaddari, A.; Al-Jihad, A.; Jamal Eddine, J.; Seghrouchni, F.; Habti, N. and Badou, A. Capparis spinosa promotes anti-inflammatory response In vitro through the control of cytokine gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC Immunology, 17 (26): 1 – 12. 2016.
- Tlili, N.; Nasri, N.; Saddaoui, E.; Khaldi, A. and Triki, S. Sterol composition of caper (Capparis spinosa) seeds. J. Biotechnol., 9 (22): 3328 – 3333. 2010.
- Jananath, R. Phytochemical and pharmacological screening on roots of spinosa L. : Capparidaceae. India: Rajiv Ghandi University of Health Sciences, Pub., 2009.
- Caô, Y. I.; Li, X.; Zheng, M., spinosa protects against oxidative stress in systematic sclerosis dermal fibroblast. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 302 (2): 349 – 355. 2010.
- Abd-Al-Majeed, M. I.; Al-Ghizawi, Gh. J.; Al-Azzawi, B. H. and Al-Maliki, A. D. M. Isolation and identification of alkaloidic extract of Capparis spinosa Buds and study of its Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity. J. Natural Sciences Res., 6 (6): 122 – 130. 2016.
- Ellis, D. H. Clinical mycology: the human opportunistic mycosis. Printers Pty. Ltd. Australia, (1994). 166pp.
- McGinnis, M. R. Laboratory Handbook of Medical Mycology. Academic Press, New York, USA. (1980). P: 387 – 390.
- Harborne, J. Phytochemical methods, 2nd, Chapman and Hall, London, UK, 1984.
- Al-Maliki, A. D. M. and Al-Hilfi, R. S. S. Evaluation of hypoglycemic effect of two flavonoidic compounds isolated from Iraqi Phoenix dactylifera (Gintar) leaflets in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. World J. Pharmaceutical. Sci., 5 (7): 61 – 71. 2017.
- Collee, J.; Fraser, B. and Bimon, A. Practical medical microbiology, Makie and Mc Carteney. 5th, Churchill Livingstone, New York, USA. 1996.
- Xian-guo, H. and Ursula, M. Antifungal compound from Solanum nigrecens. J. Ethnopharmacology. 43: 173 – 177. 2007.
- Fragiska, M. wild and cultivated vegetable. Herbs and species in Greek antiquity. Environmental Archacology, 10 (1): 73 – 82. 2005.
- Sozzi, G. O.; Vicente, A. R. Capers and Caperberries. Handbook of herbs and spices. Woodhead Pub.., USA.
- Lam, S. K. and Ng, T. B. A protein with antiproliferative, antifungal and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from caper ( spinosa L.) seed. Phytomedicine. 16 (5): 444 – 450. 2009.
- Sokmen, A.; Jones, B. M. and Erturk, M. In vitro antbacterial activity of Turkish medicinal plants. Ethnopharmacol., 64: 79 – 86. 1999.
- Harborne, J. Phytochemical methods.1st Chapman and Hall, New York, USA. (1974).
- Hmomoouchi, M.; Elaraki, K.; Tantoui, N. E. and Agoumi, A. Elucidation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oil of Eucalyptus. Plants Mediioinales Etphytothothera, 24: 278 – 289. 2004.
- Takashi, T.; Kokuba, R. and Sakaino, M. Antimicrobial activities of Eucalyptus leaf extracts and flavonoids. Appl. Microbiol., 4: 39 – 60. 2004.
- Rickards, R. W.; Rothschild, J. M.; Willis, A. C.; Chazal. N. M; Kirk, J.; Saliba, K. J. and Smith, G. D. Colothrixine A and B, novel pentacyclic metabolites from calothrix Cyanobacteria with potent activity against Malaria parasites and human cancer cell. Tetrahedron J., 55: 1513 – 1520. 1999.
Corresponding Author
Majda Ismaeel Abd- Al-Majeed*
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i11.01
