Abstract
Background: Tonsillitis is a disorder in which the tonsils are inflamed (sore and swollen). It is a type of pharyngitis. The factors that contribute in tonsillitis primarily revolve around the immune system. Zinc play a key role in the integrity of the immune system. Tonsils and zinc have major role in immunity and recent studies have provided evidence that the tonsils produce T lymphocytes.
Objective: The aim of this to evaluate the effect of serum zinc level on patients with chronic tonsillitis. And to correlate the effect of the age, duration of chronic tonsillitis infection on serum zinc level.
Materials and Method: This study was performed in Khartoum state at Al Doha E.N.T Specialized Hospital, during the period from February to June 2017.50 samples were collected from patients suffering from recurrent tonsillitis as test group. In addition to other 50 samples from healthy volunteer sex and age matched as control group. The patient sample were collected from al Doha ENT specialized hospital. The levels of serum zinc elements were determined in both groups by atomic absorption spectroscopy
Result: The levels of serum zinc were significantly lower in the recurrent tonsillitis group when compared with reference group (0.225 ± 0.081 mg/l versus 0.78± 0.21mg/l respectively) (p ≤ 0.05) .Where as there was no statistically significant difference in the mean serum zinc between gender (male, female) in study group (0.23 ± 0.079 mg/l versus 0.21 ±0.08 mg/l ) (p = o.36 ) , our study observed insignificant week positive correlation between zinc level(mg/l) and age in patient with recurrent tonsillitis (r=0.024, P= 0.86). Also insignificant weak negative correlation between zinc level (mg/l) and duration , recurrence of recurrent tonsillitis (r= -0.016,P= 0.910). (r=-0.076, p=0.59) respectively.
Conclusion: This study revealed that low serum zinc level depresses various subsets of immunity and predisposes the individual to recurrent and chronic tonsillitis infection.
Keywords: Chronic tonsillitis, infection, serum Zinc, Immune System.
References
- Wetmore RF. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 19th ed. In: RM K, BF S, JW SG, editors. Tonsils and adenoids. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011. p. chap 375.
- Todorović MM, Zvrko EZ. Immunor-egulatory cytokines and chronic tonsillitis. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2013;13:230–236.
- Kluge, TE, Rusan ,M, Fuursted ,K, Ovesaen, T Preitonsillar Abscess Compl-icaion of Acute Tonsillitis or Weber,s GLAND Infection .otolaryngology –official journal of American Acadamey of otolaryngology head and neck surgery (August 20016) ;199-207
- Windfuhr ,JP ,Toepfner ,N,Steffen ,G ,Waldfahrer ,F,Berner ,R . Clinical practice guidline tonsillitis .dignostic and nonsurgical mangment European Arhchives of OtoRhino –laryngology (April 2016) ;273(4)973-87
- Karthik Shamanna, Vidya B. Thimmaiah, Devan P. P. “Serum Zinc Level in Chronic Tonsillitis”. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Health Care; Volume 1, Issue 7, September 2014; Page: 608-615.
- Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J ClinNutr (1998);68:447S-63S.
- Maret W, Sandstead HH. Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation. J Trace Elem Med Biol (2006) ;20:3-18.
- Wang, JH; Chung, YS; Cho, YW; Kim, DY; Yi, JS; Bae, JS; Shim MJ "Palatine tonsil size in obese, overweight, and normal weight children with sleep-disordered breathing". Otolaryngology—head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. (April 2010). ; 142 (4): 516–9
- Małgorzata Michalska–Mosiej,1Katarzyna Socha,2 Jolanta Soroczyńska,2 Elżbieta Karpińska,2 Bogdan Łazarczyk,1and Maria Halina Borawska evaluate the content of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and total antioxidant status (TAS) of patients with chronic tonsillitis. Biological Trace Element Research 2 2016 Feb 5 Sep. (2016);Volume 173, Issue 1: pp 30–34
- MetinÖnerci. Sezaikus .oquzogretmenoglu trace element in children with chronic and recurrent tonsillitis, Int Jpediatr Otorhinolaryngol July (1997) ;47-51
- Pekarek Rs, Sandstead HH ,Jacob RA , Bacrome DF, Abnormal cellular immune responses during acquired zinc deficiency .Am J Clinc Nutr (1979) ;1466-71
- Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68(2 suppl):447S–463S.
- Prasad AS. Zinc in human health: effect of zinc on immune cells. Mol Med. 2008;14: 353–357. doi: 10.2119/2008-00033.
- Sinha S N, Gabrieli E R. Serum Copper and Zinc levels in various pathologic conditions. Am J of ClinPhysol 1970; 54: 570 – 577
- Bondestam M, Foucard T, Gebre-Medhin M.Subclinical trace element deficiency in children with undue susceptibility to infections. Acta Paediatr Scand (1985); 74(4): 515-20.
- Bonaventura P, Benedetti G, Albarède F, Miossec P. Zinc and its role in immunity and inflammation. Autoimmun Rev. 2015; 14:277–285. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.11.008.
Corresponding Author
Abdelmula M. Abdalla
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i8.108
