Abstract
Background: Diabetes is one of the largest health emergencies of the 21st century. In future there will not only be increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes but also there will be an increase in economic burden, disability and life years lost due to disease. Microalbuminuria is used as predictor for early micro and macrovascular changes in diabetes.
Objectives: The objectives wereto find the interrelationship between the known risk factors of microalbuminuria among diabetic patients.
Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in the urban field practice area of urban health centre between October 2015 and July 2016, among 200 study participants who had type II diabetes mellitus.
Results: The prevalence of microalbuminuria among the study participants was 41.5%. According to Structural equation modelling, Age, duration of diabetes, duration of hypertension, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were found to influence the occurrence of microalbuminuria in type II diabetes mellitus patients.
Conclusion: An intensive education of patients as well as general practitioners on microalbuminuria, risk factors and their interactions were mandatory to prevent various complications.
Keywords: Microalbuminuria, Type II diabetes mellitus, duration of diabetes, duration of hypertension
References
1. Zakkerkish M, Shahbazian HB, Shahbazian H, Latifi SM, MoravejAleali A. Albuminuria and its correlates in type 2 diabetic patients. Iran J Kidney Dis.2013;7(4):268–76.
2. Rani PK, Raman R, Gupta A, Pal SS, Kulothungan V, Sharma T. Albuminuria and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus SankaraNethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy epidemiology And Molecular Genetic Study (SNDREAMS, report 12). DiabetolMetabSyndr [Internet]. BioMed Central Ltd;2011;3(1):9. Available from: http://www.dmsjournal.com/content/3/1/9
3. Dwyer JP, Parving H-H, Hunsicker LG, Ravid M, Remuzzi G, Lewis JB. Renal Dysfunction in the Presence of Normoalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the DEMAND Study. Cardiorenal Med. 2012;2(1):1–10.
4. Al-Rubeaan K, Abu El-Asrar AM, Youssef AM, Subhani SN, Ahmad NA, Al-Sharqawi AH, et al. Diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in a society with a type 2 diabetes epidemic: A Saudi National Diabetes Registry-based study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2015;93(2):e140–7.
5. Yeung VTF, Lee KF, Chan SH, Wong HY. MicroAlbuminuria Prevalence Study ( MAPS ) in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients in Hong Kong. 2006;12(3).
6. Liangpunsakul and Chalasani: Relationship between hepatitis C and microalbuminuria
7. Manaviat MR, Afkhami M, Shoja MR. Retinopathy and microalbuminuria in type II diabetic patients. 2004;4:1–4.
8. Al-adsani A. Renal Data from the Arab World Risk Factors Associated with Albuminuria in Kuwaiti Adults. 2012;23(4):860–5.
9. Tam TKW, Cheng LPK. The prevalence ofmicroalbuminuria among patients with type II diabetes mellitus in a primary caresetting : cross-sectional study. 2004;10(5):307–11.
10. Aggarwal J, Kumar M. Prevalence of microalbuminuria among rural northIndian population with diabetes mellitus and its correlation with glycosylatedhaemoglobin and smoking. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2014;8(7):20–2.
11. Jia W, Gao X, Pang C, Hou X, Bao Y, Liu W, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of albuminuria and chronic kidney disease in Chinese population with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation : Shanghai diabetic complications study ( SHDCS ). 2009;(July):3724–31.
12. Jawed AltafBaig, NailaAsif, Aqiba Sarfaraz; Correlation of Microalbuminuria with Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Hba1c) and Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Male and Female Patients; Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 24 (9): 2900-2903, 2016.
13. Chowta NK., Pant P, Chowta MN. Microalbuminuria in diabetes mellitus: Association with age, sex, weight and creatinine clearance. Indian J Nephrol.2009;19(2):53–6.
14. Hall V, Thomsen R, Henriksen O, Lohse N. Diabetes in Sub Saharan Africa 1999-2011: Epidemiology and public health implications. A systematic review. BMC Public Health [Internet]. BioMed Central Ltd; 2011;11(1):564.
15. Lutale JJK, Thordarson H, Abbas ZG, Vetvik K. Microalbuminuria among Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients of African origin in Dar EsSalaam , Tanzania. 2007;8:1–8.
16. Parving H-H, Lewis JB, Ravid M, Remuzzi G, Hunsicker LG. Prevalence andrisk factors for microalbuminuria in a referred cohort of type II diabetic patients:a global perspective. Kidney Int. 2006;69(11):2057–63.
17. Yang C, Park JT, Kim YS, Kim YL, Lee Y, Oh Y, et al. Prevalence of diabeticnephropathy in primary care type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension: datafrom the Korean Epidemiology Study on Hypertension III (KEY III study). 2011;(March):3249–55.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i7.176
