References
1. Muzslay M, Lee E, Alder S, et al. Key pad mobile phones are associated with a significant increased risk of microbial contamination compared to touch screen phones. Journal of Infection Prevention 2013; 14(2): 65-68.
2. Khan S, Shaikh AA. Mobile phones: reservoir of infectious diseases in university premises. NED University Journal of Research 2012; 9(1): 35-43.
3. Ilusanya OAF, Adesanya OO, Adesemowo A, Amushan NA. Personal Hygiene and Microbial Contamination of Mobile Phones of Food Vendors in Ago-Iwoye Town, Ogun State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2012;11:276-27.
4. Edem EN, Onwuezobe IA, Ochang EA, Etok CA, James IS. Antibiogram of bacterial isolates from the anterior nares and hands of health care workers in Unive-rsity of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH) Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. Journal of Bacteriol Parasitol 2013; 4(2): 1-5..
5. Razine R, Azzouzi A, Barkat A, et al. Prevalence of hospital-acquired infections in the university medical center of Rabat, Morocco. International Archives of Medicine 2012; 5(26): 1-8.
6. Endalafer N, Gebre-Selassie S, Kotiso B. Nosocomial bacterial infections in a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia. Journal of Infection Prevention 2010; 11(6): 1757-1774.
7. Colle.G.,Fraser .A.G.,Marmion .B.P.,and Simmons A.,(1996).Makie and McCarthey practical microbiology ,14ed ed .Churchill Livingeston .New York.U.S.A.
8. Mikyas D, Sileshi L. The prevalence of nosocomial infections and associated risk factors in pediatric patients in Tikur Anbessa Hospital. Ethiopian Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health 2009;5(5):1-4.
9. Tesfahunegn Z, Asrat D, Woldeamanuel Y, Estifanos K. Bacteriology of surgical site and catheter related urinary tract infe-ctions among patients admitted in Mekelle Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal 2009; 47(2): 117-127.
10. Borkow G, Monk A. Fighting nosocomial infections with biocidal non-intrusive hard and soft surfaces. World Journal of Clinical Infectious Disease 2012; 2(4): 77-90.
http://dx.doi. org/10.5495/wjcid.v2.i4.77.
11. Nyasulu P, Murray J, Perovic O, Koornhof H. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance among nosocomial pathogens in South Africa: Systematic review of published literature. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine 2012; 4(1): 8e13.
12. Jain A, Singh K. Recent advances in the management of nosocomial infections. Journal of Medical Education and Research 2007; 9(1): 1-8.
13. Eze JC, Ekpo EU, Nzotta CC, Asogwa NC, Egbe NO. X-ray equipments and accessories as possible vectors of nosoc-omial bacteria in Anambra State, Nigeria. Journal of Association of Radiographers of Nigeria 2012; 26: 18–27.
14. Otter J, Yezli S, French G. The role played by contaminated surfaces in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens. Infect Control Hospital Epidemiology 2011; 32(7): 687-699. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1086/660363
15. Annand JW, Bajaj N, Sheth A, Burgess J, Brooke JS. Potential pathogens and effective disinfectants on public teleph-ones at a large urban United States unive-rsity. Journal of environmental health. 2009;71:24.
16. Nikolic M, Arandjelovic M, Stankovic A, Krivokapic L. Bacterial contamination of mobile phones used in hospitals. HEALTHMED. 2011;5:1254-1259.
17. Lee YJ, Yoo CG, Lee CT, Chung HS, Kim YW, Han SK, Yim, JJ. Contamination rates between smart cell phones and non-smart cell phones of healthcare workers. Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2013;8:144–147. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2011.
18. Tunç K, Olgun U. Microbiology of public telephones. The Journal of infection. 2006;53:140-143.
19. Abdollahi A, Mahfouzi S. Bacterial contamination of Hospital Telephones. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2010;26(3):747-750.
20. Smith SI, Opere B, Goodluck HT, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus species isolated from telephone receivers. Singapore medical journal. 2009;50:208.
21. Kramer A, Schwebke I, Kampf G. How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review. BMC infectious diseases. 2006;6:130-130.
22. Borer A, Schlaeffer F, Gilad J, et al. Cell phones and Acinetobacter transmission. Emerging infectious diseases. 2005;11:1160-1161.
23. Visvanathan A, Gibb AP, Brady RRW. Increasing Clinical Presence of Mobile Communication Technology: Avoiding the Pitfalls. Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association. 2011;17:656-661.
24. Brady RRW, Verran J, Damani NN, Gibb AP. Review of mobile communication devices as potential reservoirs of nosocomial pathogens. The Journal of hospital infection. 2009;71:295-300.
25. Yusha’u M. Isolation of bacteria and fungi from personal and public mobile cellph-ones. International Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences. 2010;6;98-102.
26. Peleg AY, Seifert H, Paterson DL. Acinetobacter baumannii: emergence of a successful pathogen. Clinical microbe-ology reviews. 2008;21:538-582.
27. Hedin G (1993), "Staphylococcus epider-midis — hospital epidemiology and the detection of methicillin resistance", Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases Supplementum (Oslo Norway: Scandinavian University Press)
28. Otto M. Staphylococcus epidermidis - the 'accidental' pathogen. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2009;7:555-567.
29. Holmes JW, Williams MD. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus screening and eradication in the surgical intensive care unit: Is it worth it? Am J Surg. 2010;200:827-831.
30. Jeske H, Tiefenthaler W, Hohlrieder M, Hinterberger G, Benzer A. Bacterial contamination of anaesthetists' hands by personal mobile phone and fixed phone use in the operating theatre. Anaesthesia. 2007;62:904.
31. Ulger F, Esen S, Dilek A, Yanik K, Gunaydin M, Leblebicioglu H. Are we aware how contaminated our mobile phones with nosocomial pathogens? Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials. 2009;8:7-7.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i2.98
