Abstract
Introduction: During the last 10 years NIV has been increasingly used in children with acute respiratory distress and failure. Recently some prospective studies have shown that NIV appears to be a safe and effective treatment in children with acute respiratory failure.
Methods: During the one year study period, a total of 114 children with acute respiratory failure irrespective of causes, were admitted in PICU and non-invasive ventilation by ventilator CPAP was given as a primary intervention and the outcome was assessed. Need for invasive ventilation as per predefined criteria was taken as failure and children weaned from NIV was taken as success.
Results: Majority of the cases were pneumonia (58%) followed by bronchiolitis (14%) and bronchial asthma (12%). Overall success rate for NIV was 72%. The success rate for pneumonia without underlying congenital heart disease was 70%, for bronchiolitis 100% and for bronchial asthma 86%. It was found to be useful for other causes of respiratory failure also. Failure rate for ARDS was high in this study and these children should be frequently monitored for NIV failure.
Conclusions: NIV is effective in improving or reversing acute respiratory failure in majority of patients with pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchial asthma and submersion injuries. The outcome depends on the severity of the illness at the time of institution of NIV and nature of the disease.
Keywords: NIV, ventilator CPAP, children, acute respiratory failure.
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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i2.77
