1. Tziavrangos E, Schug SA. Regional anaesthesia and perioperative outcome. Current opinion in anaesthesiology 2006 ; 19:521-525
2. Becker DE, Reed KL.Local anesthetics: review of pharmacological considerations. Anesthesia progress 2012;59:90-101.
3. Ulke ZS, Senturk M. Non-analgesic effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia. Agriculture 2007;19:6-12.
4. Huang Y, Pryor M. Mather L, Veering B. Cardiovascular and central nervous system effects of intravenous levobupivacaine and bupivacine in sheep. Anesth Analg 1998;86:797-804.
5. Bardsley H, Gristwood R. Baker H, et al. A comparision of the cardiovascular effects of levobupivacaine and rac-bupivacaine following intravenous admini-stration to healthy volunteers. Brint J. Clin Pharmacol 1998; 46:245-9.
6. Kamibayashi T, Maze M. Clinical uses of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Anaesthesi-ology 2000;93:1345-9.
7. Scafati A. Analgesia and alpha agonists 2 Medens Rev 2004;4:7.
8. Mauro VA, Brandao ST. Clonidine and dexmedetomidine through epidural route for postoperative analgesia and sedation in a cholecystectomy. Rev bras Anestesiol 2004;4:1-10.
9. Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Jabbour Khoury SL, et al. Effect of low dose dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the characteristics of bupivacaine spinal block. Acta Anesthesiol scand 2006;50:222-7.
10. Disma N, Frawley G, Mameli L. Effect of epidural clonidine on minimum local anesthetic concentration (ED50) of levobu-pivacaine for caudal block in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2011 Feb;21 (2):128-35.
11. Wallet F, Clement JH, Bouret C. Effectts of a continuous low-dose clonidine epid-ural regimen on pain, satisfaction and adverse events during labour: a rando-mized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2010 May; 27(5): 441-7.
12. Milligan KR, Convery PN, Weir P. The efficacy and safety of epidural infusions of levobupivacaine with and without clonidine for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Anesth Analg. 2000 Aug; 91(2):393-7.
13. Akin A, Ocalan S, Esmaglu A. The effects of caudal or intravenous clonidine on postoperative analgesia produced by caudal levobupivacaine in children. Pediatric anesthesia 2010;20:350-355.
14. Mahran E. Ibrahim W. Is the combination of epidural clonidine- levobupivacaine has same analgesic efficacy and safety as the combination Fentanyl – levobupivacaine after radical cystectomy. Egyptian journal of anaesthesia 2014 April; 30(2): 143-147.
15. Manal M. Kamal, Sahar M. Talaat Comparative study of epidural morphine and epidural dexmedetomidine used as adjuvant to levobupivacaine in major abdominal surgery Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2014 April; 30( 2):137-141.
16. Zeng XZ; Xu YM, CuiXG. Low-dose epidural dexmedetomidine improves thoracic epidural anaesthesia for nephrectomy Anaesthesia And Intensive Care 2014 Mar;. 42(2): 185-90.
17. Ahmed Sobhy Basuni, Hoda Alsaid Ahmed Ezz. Dexmedetomidine as supplement to low-dose levobupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for knee arthroscopy Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia 2014 April;30( 2): 149-153.
18. Aliye Esmaoglul, Sumeyra Turk ,Adnan Bayram, Aynur Akin,. The effects of Dexmedetomidine Added to Spinal Levobupivacaine for Transurethral Endoscopic Surgery, Balkan Med J 2013; 30: 186-90.
19. M. E-Hennawy, A. M. Abd-Elwahab, A.M. Abd-Elmaksoud,. Addition of clonidine or dexmedetomidine to bupiv-acaine prolongs caudal analgesia in child-ren. Br. J. Anaesth. 2009;103 (2):268-274.
20. Al-Mustafa MM, Abu-Halaweh SA, Aloweida AS, et al. Effect of dexmedetomidine added to spinal bupivacaine for urological procedures. Saudi Med J. 2009;30:365-70.
21. Bajwa SJS. Bajwa SK, Kaur J, et al Dexmedetomidine and clonidine in epidural anaesthesia: a comparative evalu-ation. Indian J Anaesthe2011:55(2):116-21
22. Wu H-H, Wang H-T, Jin J-J, et al. Does Dexmedetomidine as a Neuraxial Adjuvant Facilitate Better Anesthesia and Analgesia ? A Systematic Review and Meta-Anal-ysis. PLoS ONE 2014 Mar 9(3):e93114.
23. Crews JC, Hord AH, Denson DD, et al. Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of 0.25% levobupivacaine combined with 0.005% morphine, 0.25% levobupivacaine alone, or 0.005% morphine, alone for the management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg 1999;89:150-9.