Abstract
Male breast cancer is exceptionally rare and accounts for less than 0.25% of male malignancies and approximately 0.5-1% of all breast cancer (both genders). Our article emphasizes the pathological and radiological differences of male breast cancers from female breast cancers. Mammography of the male breast, constitutes less than 1% of all mammograms performed, commonest lesion imaged being gynecomastia. So, there is less familiarity with the imaging appearances of male breast cancers. We report a case of invasive ductal carcinoma in a 62 years male and provide a comparison with presentations and manifestations in female.
Key words: Breast cancer, Mammography, Ultrasonography, Male, Female.
References
1. Evans GF, Anthony T et al. The diagnostic accuracy of mammography in the evaluation of male breast disease. Am J Surg 2001;181(2): 96–100.
2. Kopans DB. Breast imaging. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007
3. Yap H, Tashima Cet al. Male breast cancer, a natural history study. Cancer 1979;44:748-754.
4. Simpson J, Barson A. Breast tumors in infants and children: a 40-year review of cases at a children’s hospital. Can Med Assoc J 1969;lOi :100-i 02.
5. A. P. Hittmair, R. A. Lininger et al. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the male breast.Cancer 1998; vol. 83, pp. 2139–2149.
6. J. Armstrong, C. Saunders et al. Male breast ductal carcinoma in situ. ANZ Journal of Surgery 2003; 73: 774–775.
7. Sandler B, Carman C et al. Cancer of the male breast. Am Surg 1994; 60:816-820.
8. Joshi MG, Lee AKC et al. Male breast carcinoma: an evaluation of prognostic factors contributing to poorer outcome. Cancer 1996; 77:490-498.
9. Kalisher U, Payster AG. Xerographic manifestations of male breast. AJR 1975; 125 :656-661.
10. Dershaw DD. Male mammography. AJR1986; 146:127-131.
11. Stavros TA, Rapp CL, Parker SH. Breast ultrasound. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004:712-739 .
12. Michels UG, Gold RHet al. Radiography of gynecomastia and other disorders of the male breast. Radiology 1977 ; 122:117-122.
13. Onimet-Oliva D, Hebert G et al. Radiographic characteristics of male breast cancer. Radiology 1978; i29:37-40 .
14. Jean Mathew, George H. Perkins et al. Primary Breast Cancer in Men: Clinical, Imaging, and Pathologic Findings in 57 Patients. AJR 2008;191 (6):1631–1639.
15. Dershaw DD, Borgen Pi et al. Mammographic findings in men with breast cancer. AJR 1993; 160: 267-270.
16. Heller KS, Rosen PP et al. Male breast cancer: a clinicopathologic study of 97 cases. Ann Surg 1978; 188 :60-65.
17. Visfeldt J, Sheike O. Male breast cancer. 1. Histologic typing and grading of 187 Danish cases. Cancer 1973; 32:985-990.
18. Jellici E, Malago R et al. Imaging of the male breast. Radiol Med 2005; 110:574-588.
19. Anderson WF, Devesa SS. In situ male breast carcinoma in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database of the National Cancer Institute. Cancer 2005; 104:1733-1741.
20. Giordano SH. A review of the diagnosis and management of male breast cancer. Oncologist 2005; 10:471-479