Study on Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Title: Study on Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Authors: Dr Mohd Shafat Imam Siddiqui, Dr Tabassum Yasmin, Dr Sanjeev Kumar, Dr Nikhil Sinha

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v3i11.35

Abstract

References

Corresponding Author

Abstract

Hypertension is a highly prevalent condition, which presents a significant global challenge. In 2000, approximately one billion people worldwide (26.4% of the adult population) were estimated to have hypertension and this is likely to increase to over 1.5 billion by 2025 as result of the aging population in many developed countries and increasing incidence of hypertension in developing countries. The study subjects were examined and their laboratory investigaion were carried out in a fasting state. The mean age was 66 years. The prevalence of the MS was 48.95%. there was a trend toward female predominance in the prevalence of the MS (54.4%;44.5%; P=0.06). Moreover, female had a significant higher MS score (33.6±0.5 & 3.1±0.7;p=<0.001). The prevalence of abdominal obesity was significantly higher in female than men (77.8% & 56.3%;p<0.001). The prevalence of high TG, low HDL-c and high fasting blood glucose or treated diabetes was similar in both sexes. In female patients, those with the MS had higher serum uric acid levels than those without the MS( table-2). This difference was shown as a trend but not statistically significant in male patients(table-2). These findings suggest that the MS was highly prevalent in Indian hypertensive patients, especially in females.

Key Words: Metabolic syndrome, essential hypertension, metabolic parameters.

References

1. Keamey PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005;365”217-223.

2. Reaven GM: Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 37: 1595–1607, 1988

3. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of J Am Soc Nephrol 17: S120–S122, 2006 Metabolic Syndrome in Primary Hypertension S121 High Blood Cholesterol in Adults: Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285: 2486–2497, 2001

4. Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ: Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 15: 539–553, 1998

5. Balkau B, Charles MA: Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabet Med 16: 442–443,1999

6. Einhorn D, Reaven GM, Cobin RH, Ford E, Ganda OP, Handelsman Y, Hellman R, Jellinger PS, Kendall D, Krauss RM, Neufeld ND, Petak SM, Rodbard HW, Seibel JA, Smith DA, Wilson PW: American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome. Endocr Pract 9: 237–252, 2003

7. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Final report. Circulation 2002;106:3143-421.

8. Jermendy G, Hetyési K, Bíró L, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in hypertensive and/or obese subjects. DiabeticMedicine 004;21:805-6.

9. Gress TW, Nieto FJ, Shahar E, et al. Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus; Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. N Engl J Med 2000;342:905-12.

10. Scheen AJ. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus through inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin system. Drugs 2004;64:2537-65.

11. Lithell HO. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and the treatment of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1996;9:150-4S.

12. Wang TD, Chen WJ, Lin JW, et al. Effects of rosiglitazone on endothelial function, C-reactive protein, and components of the metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:362-5.

13. Wang TD, Chen WJ, Chien KL, et al. Efficacy of cholesterol levels and ratios in predicting future coronary heart disease in a Chinese population. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:737-43.

14. Solymoss BC, Bourassa MG, Lesperance J, et al. Incidence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2003;14:207-12.

15. Lind L, Berne C, Lithell H. Prevalence of insulin resistance in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1995;13:1457-62.

16. Solymoss BC, Bourassa MG, Campeau L, et al. Effect of increasing metabolic syndrome score on atherosclerotic risk profile and coronary artery disease angiographic severity. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:159-64.

17. Chobanian AV; Bakris GL; Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 Report. JAMA 2003;289:2560-71.

18. Srinivas K, Bhaskar MV, Aruna Kumari R, et al. Antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and lipoproteins in primary hypertension. Indian Heart J 2000;52:285-8.

19. Flesch M, Sachinidis A, Ko YD, et al. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins and essential hypertension. Clin Invest 1994;72:944-50.

20. Catalano M, Aronica A, Carzaniga G, et al. Serum lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with essential hypertension. Atherosclerosis 1991;87:17-22.

21. Conen D, Wietlisbach V, Bovet P, et al. Prevalence of hyperuricemia and relation of serum uric acid with cardiovascular risk factors in a developing country. BMC Public Health 2004;4:9.

22. Matsubara M, Chiba H, Maruoka S, Katayose S. Elevated serum leptin concentrations in women with hyperuricemia. J Atheroscler Thromb 2002;9:28-34.

23. Lindholm LH, Persson M, Alaupovic P, et al. Metabolic outcome during 1 year in newly detected hypertensives: results of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in a North of Sweden Efficacy Evaluation (ALPINE study). J Hypertens 2003;21:1563-74.

24. Kasiske BL, Ma JZ, Kalil RS, et al. Effects of antihypertensive therapy on serum lipids. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:133-41.

25. Reaven GM. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease. Physiol Rev 1995;75:473-86.

Abstract

References

Corresponding Author

Call For Paper Volume 12 Issue 10 November 2024

JMSCR Menu

Impact Factor SJIF 2024: 7.892

Crossref - DOI

Editorial Policy

Frequency of Publication

Submission of Articles

Search