Title: Study of Zika virus epidemic in Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Pragya Kumawat, Kusum Gaur, Sadhana Meena
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i9.86
Abstract
Background: First epidemic of Zika Virus in India occurred in Gujarat in November 2016, with that it becomes a new emerging disease in India. In Rajasthan 1st epidemic of Zika Virus emerged in September-October 2018. This present article is about that epidemic.
Method: Index case was reported on 21.09.18 who resided in Shastrinagar colony, Jaipur Rajasthan. Three Km area around index case was surveyed. Ward number 82 was of one that area. Door to door survey was conducted in the ward to identify fever cases, pregnant women and breeding habitats of mosquitoes. Vector indices like House Index (H.I.), Breteau Index (B.I.) and Container Index (C.I.) were calculated. Anti larval& anti adult mosquito measures were taken. Blood & urine sample of all the symptomatic fever cases & pregnant women were collected & send to S.M.S. Medical College for Zika Virus testing.
Results: In total 405 houses in ward 82, 2009 containers were found & out of them larval breeding was observed in 101 containers of 80 houses. Total 38 cases of fever & 28 pregnant women were found. All pregnant women & symptomatic fever cases were investigated for presence of Zika Virus infection. Among them 2 females with 6 and 8 months pregnancy and 1 case of fever were found positive. The BI, CI, HI were 24.94%,5.03% & 19.75% respectively.
Conclusion: As vector indices were raised than expected level, so awareness regarding mosquito breeding places & proper water storage in houses should be created. In pregnant women, 7.14% was found positive for Zika Virus infection. Zika Virus causes serious complications in pregnancy, so all pregnant females may be screened out for Zika Virus and should managed accordingly.
Keywords: Zika Virus, Zika Virus Infection, Pregnancy, Fever, Epidemics, Breeding.
References
- Hayes E. ZiV outside Africa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:1347–60.
- Plourde AR, Bloch EM. A literature review of Zika virus. Emerg Infect Dis J. 2016;22:1185–1192.
- Musso D, Roche C, Robin E, Nhan T, Teissier A, Cao‐Lormeau VM. Potenial sexual transmission of Zika virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21:359–361.
- de Noronha L, Zanluca C, Azevedo MLV, Luz KG, dos Santos CND. Zika virus damages the human placental barrier and presents marked fetal neurotropism. MemInst Oswaldo Cruz. 2016;111:287–293.
- De Carvalho NS, De Carvalho BF, Fugaça CA, Dóris B, Biscaia ES. Zika virus infection during pregnancy and microcephaly occurrence: a review of literature and Brazilian data. Braz J Infect Dis. 2016;20:282–289.
- Zika Virus Infection - India. Disease Outbreak News. 2017. May 26, [accessed on June 2, 2019]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/don/26-may-2017-Zika-ind/en/
- Tamil Nadu reports first case of Zika. [accessed on March 30, 2018]. Available from: http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadureports-first-case-of-Zika-virus/article19254690.ece
- NandKishor, Dr. Ragini Mishra, Navnit Kumar Dutta, Naveen Kumar Raman. A report on investigation of Zika case & Dengue outbreak in Siwan Bihar in 2018. International Journal of Medical and Health Research. 2018; 4(11):30-35.
- Rozendaal, J.A. 1997. Vector control: methods for use by individuals and communities. 412 pp. World Health Organization, Geneva.
- B. Blazquez, J.C. Saiz Neurological manifestations of Zika virus infection. World J Virol, 5 (2016), pp. 135-143.
- Schuler-Faccini L, Ribeiro EM, Feitosa IM, et al. Possible Association Between Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly — Brazil, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:59–62.
- Oliveira‐Szejnfeld PS, Levine D, Melo AS, et al. Congenital brain abnormalities and Zika virus: what the radiologist can expect to see prenatally and postnatally Radiology. 2016;281(1):203-218.
- Costello A, Dua T, Duran P, et al. Defining the syndrome associated with congenital Zika virus infection. Bull World Health Organ. 2016;94:406–406A.