Title: Role of Ozone Therapy and Cancer: Myth or Reality?

Authors: Vatsal Singh, Rishabh Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, Bhaskar Agarwal

 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i7.127

Abstract

Aim: Our aim to establish whether or not ozone therapy has any role in cancer treatment.

Material & Method: A thorough computer search using PubMed, Google Scholar, Wikipedia and Yahoo search engine, search through cross-references and hand search in the libraries was performed.

Results: The basis of using ozone for the treatment of cancer is that it reduces tumor hypoxemia, thus allowing greater efficacy of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, is indeed strong.

Conclusion: In spite of introduction of many new modern age drugs and advanced surgical procedures, there is no definite cure for disseminated cancer at present. Aggressive treatment options like radiotherapy and chemotherapy have many potentially fatal side effects and decrease quality of life of the patients. Ozone may be an additional option to improve patient related outcome and reduce side effects.

Keywords: Ozone therapy, Cancer, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy.

References

  1. Brewer AW, Wilson AW: The regions of formation of atmospheric ozone. Q J R Meteorol Soc 1968, 94(401):249–65.
  2. Schönbein CF: On the Odour Accompanying Electricity and on the Probability of its Dependence on the Presence of a New Substance. Philosophical Magazine 1840, 17:293–94.
  3. Seidler V, Linetskiy I, Hubálková H, Sta? ková H, Šmucler R, Mazánek J: Ozone аnd Itѕ Usage іn General Medicine аnd Dentistry: A Review article. Prague Medical Report 2008, 109(1):5–13.
  4. Folkman J: Role of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metastasis. Semin Oncol 2002, 29:15-18.
  5. Srivastava A, Hughes LE, Woodock JP, and Laidler P: Vascularity in cutaneous melanoma detected by Doppler sonography and histology; correlation with tumor behavior. Br J Cancer 1989, 59(1):89-91.
  6. Carmeliet P: Angiogenesis in health and disease. Nat Med 2003, 9:653.
  1. Jain RK: Haemodynamic and transport barriers to the treatment of solid tumours.  Int J Radiat Biol 1991, 60(1-2):85-100.
  2. Williams KJ, Cowen RL, Stratford IJ: Hypoxia and oxidative stress. Tumour hypoxia—therapeutic considerations. Breast Cancer Res 2001, 3(5):328-31.
  1. Warburg O: The Prime Cause and Prevention of Cancer, Lecture delivered to Nobel Laureates on June 30, 1966.
  2. Fenton BM, Lord EM, Paoni SF: Intravascular HBO saturations, perfusion and hypoxia in spontaneous and transplanted tumor models. Int J Cancer 2001, 93(5):693-98.
  3. Gouin-Thibault I, Achkar A, Samama MM: The thrombophilic state in cancer patients.
    Acta Haematol 2001, 106(1-2):33-42.
  4. Zund G, Nelson DP, Neufeldt EJ, Dzus AL, Bischoffii J, John E. Mayer, and Colgan S: Hypoxia enhances stimulus-dependent induction of E-selectin on aortic endothelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 1996, 93:7075-80.
  5. Canning MT, Postovit LM, Clarke SH, Graham CH.: Oxygen-mediated regulation of gelatinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 expression by invasive cells. Exp Cell Res 2001, 267(1):88-94.
  6. Ema M, Taya S, Yokotani N, Sogawa K, Matsuda Y, Fujii-Kuriyama Y: A novel b HLH-PAS factor with close sequence similarity to hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha regulates the VEGF expression and is potentially involved in lung and vascular development. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1997, 94(9):4273-78.
  7. Scannell G, Waxman K, Kaml GJ, Ioli G, Gatanaga T, Yamamoto R, Granger GA:
    Hypoxia induces a human macrophage cell line to release tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its soluble receptors in vitro. J Surg Res 1993, 54(4):281-85.
  8. Viebahn-Hansler R. Einfluss auf den rythrozytenstoffwechsel. In: Ozon-Handbuch. Grundlagen- Prevention Therapie. Landsberg/Lech. Ecomed 1995, 1-15.
  9. Rokitansky O: Klinik und biochemie der ozon therapy. Hospitals 1982, 52:643,711.
  10. Zimran A, Wasser G, Forman L, Gelbart T, Beutler E: Effect of Ozone on Red Blood Cell Enzymes and Intermediates. Acta Haematol 1999, 102:148-51.
  11. Margalit M, Attias E, Attias D, Elstein D, Zimran A, Matzner Y: Effect of ozone on neutrophil function in vitro. Int J Lab Hematol 2001, 23(4):243-47.
  12. Clavo B, Catalá L, Pérez J, Rodríguez V, Robaina F: Ozone Therapy on Cerebral Blood Flow: A Preliminary Report. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2004, 1(3):315-19
  13. Guinta R, Coppola A, Luongo C, Sammartino A,  Guastafierro S, Grassia A, Giuyntao L, Plascolo L, Tirelli A, Coppola L: Ozonized autohemotherapy improves hemorheological parameters and oxygen delivery to tissues in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial diseases. Ann Hematol 2001, 80:745–48
  14. Clavo B, Pérez JL, López L, Suárez G, Lloret M, Rodríguez V, Macías D, Santana M, Hernández M, Martín-Oliva R, Robaina F: Ozone therapy for Tumor Oxygenation: A Pilot Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2004, 1(1):93–98.
  15. Zamora ZB, Borrego A, Orlay YL, Ricardo Gonzalez,  Menendez S,  Hernandez F, Schulz S: Effects of Ozone Oxidative Preconditioning on TNF-α Release and Antioxidant-Prooxidant Intracellular Balance in Mice During Endotoxic Shock. Mediators Inflamm 2005, 24(1):16–22.
  16. Chow CK, Dillard CJ, Tappel AL: Glutathione peroxidase system and lysozyme in rats exposed to ozone or nitrogen dioxide. Environmental Research 1974, 7(3):311-19.
  1. Hiroshi O-T, Bakary SS, Tomohiro S: Prevention of human cancer by modulation of chronic inflammatory processes. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 2005, 591(1-2):110-22.
  2. Huth KC, Saugel B, Jakob FM, Cappello C, Quirling M, Paschos E, Ern K, Hickel K, Brand K: Effect of Aqueous Ozone on the NF- kB system. J Dent Res 2007, 86(5):451-56.
  3. Sweet F, Kao MS, Lee SC, Hagar WL, Sweet WE: Ozone selectively inhibits growth of human cancer cells. Science 1980, 209:931–33.
  4. Canadian patent: 2192602. [http://brevets-patents.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/patent/2192602/summary.html?type=number_search]
  5. Gray LH, Conger AD, Ebert M, Scott OC: The Concentration of Oxygen Dissolved in Tissues at the Time of Irradiation as a Factor in Radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 1953, 26(312):638-48.
  6. Kehrl W, Sagowski C, Wenzel S, Zywietz F: Oxygenation of tumor recurrences following fractionated radiotherapy of primary tumors: Studies on the rhabdomyosarcoma R1H of the rat. Strahlenther Onkol 2004, 180(6):383-90.
  7. Clavo B, Ana R, Marta L, Laura L, Gerardo S, David M, Victor R, Maria AH, Roberto M, Santiago Q, José MC, Francisco R: Adjuvant Ozonetherapy in Advanced Head and Neck Tumors: A Comparative Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2004, 1(3):321-25.
  8. Petrucci MT, Cristiano G, Alessandro A, Maria CM, Robin F: Role of ozone therapy in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaws in multiple myeloma patients. Haematol  2007, 92(9):1289-90.

Corresponding Author

Dr Bhaskar Agarwal

H. No. 1060, Sadar Gola Bazar, Cantt., Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India