Title: Effect of Natural Polyphenols on Reactive Oxygen Species in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial
Authors: Dr Rahul Goyal, Prof. S. Nagtilak, Prof. Vijay Thawani, Dr Shavetika Jindal
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i3.23
Abstract
Introduction: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitogen Speices are lethal in nature. These leads to Oxidative stress. Oxidative stress stimulates the secretion of various cytokines and leukocyte adhesions to smooth vascular cells. This promotes the entry of Monocytes to sub-intimal space of coronary arteries. These Monocytes consumes Oxidized LDL particles and converts in to foam cells and leads to MI.
Material and Methods: A Pomegranate Extract of Whole Fruit (PEWF) was prepared as tablet of 300 mg to investigate its effects in synthesis of antioxidants and Antioxidative enzymes in patients with MI. Total 100 participants of either gender with nested cases of MI were included in present study. All participants were assigned in two groups (50 each). One group was under “Add On” therapy of PEWF and matching placebos of same colour, shape and size were used as comparator agent for second group (300 mg BD for 1 month).
Results: Results were compared by Z test, Chi square test and coefficient of variations. Statistical analysis proves the prognostic effect after active medication (p<0.05). Study results indicate the rejection of Null Hypothesis (H0) and acceptance of Alternative Hypothesis (H1).
Conclusion: Results highlighted that those participants who were under “add-on” therapy of PEWF showed high levels of Total Antioxidants and Antioxidative Enzymes in blood. This is a good sign of prognosis. Thus PEWF should be consumed in diet as food supplementation.
Keywords: Myocardial infarction, Coronary Artery Disease, Pomegranate Extract of Whole Fruit, Total Antioxidants Activity, Glutathione Reductase.
References
- Halliwell B. Free radicals and antioxidants: a personal view. Nutritional Review.1994; 52(8):253-265.
- Joseph A. Knight. Diseases related to oxygen derived free radicals. Annals of clinical laboratory sciences. 1995; 25(2):1-11.
- Arriola L, Martinez-Camblor P, Larrañaga N, Basterretxea M, Amiano P, Moreno-Iribas C, et al. Alcohol intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in the Spanish EPIC cohort study. Heart 2010; 96:124-30.
- Alberto Chiarug. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase: killer or conspirator? The ‘suicide hypothesis’ revisited. Trends in pharmacological sciences.2002; 23(3):123-129.
- Faruqi R, de la Motte C, DiCorleto PE. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits agonist-induced monocytic cell adhesion to cultured human endothelial cells. Journal of Clinical Investigations. 1994; 94: 592-600.
- Yun Soo Bae, Jee Hyun Lee, Soo Ho Choi, Sunah Kim, Felicidad Almazan, Joseph L. Witztum, Yury I. Miller. Macrophages Generate Reactive Oxygen Species in Response to Minimally Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Toll-Like Receptor 4 – and Spleen Tyrosine Kinase–Dependent Activation of NADPH Oxidase 2. American Heart Association.2009;2010-2018
- Halliwett B. Antioxidant characterization; methodology and mechanism. Biochemical pharmacology.1995; 49:1341-1348.
- Mandhavi DL, Solunkhe DK. Toxicological aspects of food antioxidants. Food antioxidants. 1995; 5:267.
- Kumar Ganesan, Baojun Xu. A Critical Review on Polyphenols and Health Benefits of Black Soybeans.Nutrients. 2017; 9(455):2-17.
- Pandey, K.B.,Rizvi, S.I. Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular longevity. 2009; 2: 270–278.
- Navindra P. Seeram,Michael Aviram, Yanjun Zhang, Susanne M. Henning, Lydia Feng, Mark Dreher and David Heber. Comparison of Antioxidant Potency of Commonly Consumed Polyphenol-Rich Beverages in the United States. Journal of Agriculture and Food chemistry.2008; 56:1415-1422.
- Walid Elfaleh, Hedia Hannachi, Nizar Tilli, Yassine Yahia, Nizar Nasri, Ali Fercichi. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of pomegranate peel, seed, leaf and flower. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 06:4724-4730.
- Marcus S. Cooke, Mark D. Evans, Miral Dizdaroglu, Joseph Lunec. Oxidative DNA damage: mechanisms, mutation, and disease. The FASEB Journal.2003; 17:1195-1207.
- Pietta P.G. Flavonoids as antioxidants. Journal of Natural Products. 2000; 63: 1035-1042.
- Itoh K. et al. Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain. Genes and development.1999; 13: 76–86.
- Keiko Taguchi, Hozumi Motashi, Mayayuyki Yamamato. Molecular mechanism of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in stress response and cancer evolution. Genes to Cells.2011; 16:123-140.