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Category: Volume 06 Issue 07 July 2018
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Title: HIV Infection and Malignancy

Author: Iddah, M. Ali

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i7.124

Abstract

HIV-infected individuals have an increased propensity to develop malignancy. The spectrum of neoplasia in these patients is changing, especially in developed portions of the world, where the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has limited the immunosuppression associated with HIV for prolonged periods in most patients. Early in the AIDS epidemic, a dramatic increase in Kaposi sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and cervical cancer was noted, and these tumors ultimately were classified as AIDS-defining cancers. With the widespread use of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART), there was a dramatic decrease in the incidence of KS and NHL and a significant increase in the incidence of several other malignancies (non-AIDS-defining cancers). An understanding of the epidemiology and risk factors for these malignancies, in association with the prolonged survival of HIV-infected people in the ART era, increases the importance of adherence to cancer screening recommendations and prevention measures. Although the biology of malignancy in HIV infected people is often more aggressive than in those without HIV infection, standard treatment is generally indicated and can be associated with a favorable outcome, depending upon the tumor type, stage, and comorbidity. This paper will review general management considerations for patients with HIV and a malignancy, as well as a discussion of specific malignancies.

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Corresponding Author

Iddah, M. Ali

Department of Medical Laboratory, Alupe University, P.O. Box 845-50400, Busia, Kenya

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