Title: Spectrum of Congenital Renal Anomalies

Authors: Dr Subhashree Dash, Dr Subhasish Panda, Dr Savitri Bhagat, Dr B.B.Panda

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i7.46

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital anomalies of the kidney are a common renal pathology diagnosed in childhood or middle age. The varieties of these anomalies and their ensuing complications often pose a challenge to accurate diagnosis and timely management.

Methods: The spectrum of congenital anomalies and their complications were evaluated in this observational cross-sectional study.  Ultrasonography and Color Doppler was used along with CT Scan and IVP wherever necessary. The complications produced by these anomalies were also evaluated.

Results: A total of thirty cases were observed over a period of one year. Ectopic kidney was the most commonly observed anomaly followed by duplex collecting system, horse-shoe kidney and autosomally dominant polycystic kidney disease. Calculus, hydronephrosis, calculostasis and pyelonephritis were the most common complications observed.

Conclusion: Radiographic imaging using Ultrasound with Doppler is a very good modality to identify the spectrum of congenital renal anomalies and its complications.

Keywords:  kidney,  horseshoe, ectopic, duplex, polycystic.

References

  1. Daneman A, Alton DJ. Radiographic manifestations of renal anomalies.Radiol Clin North Am. 1991;29:351–363.
  2. Kemper MJ, Müller-Wiefel DE. Renal function in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Curr Opin Urol 2001;11:571-5.
  3. M Muttarak and T Sriburi. Congenital renal anomalies detected in adulthood. Biomed Imaging Interv J. 2012 Jan-Mar; 8(1): e7.
  4. Tulika Gupta, Suresh K Goyal, Anjali Aggarwal, Kunal Chawla et al. Congenital Renal Anomalies in Indian Population. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research. January-March 2017;51(1):12-
  5. Rascher W, Rosch WH. Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract. Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Inc, 2005:1402-12.
  6. Gupta M, Pandey AK, Goyal N (2007). "Horseshoe kidney--a case report". Nepal Medical College Journal. 9(1): 63–6.
  7. Janda GM, Nepple KG, Cooper CS, Austin JC. Supernumerary kidney in a child with OEIS complex. 2009;74(2):305–307. 
  8. Naveena S et al. Horseshoe kidney: a case.  Int J Res Med Sci. 2013Aug;1(3):304-307.
  9. Nagpal H et al. Unilateral duplex collecting system with incomplete duplication of ureter - a case report. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. May;5(5):2254-2256
  10. Nahm AM, Henriquez DE, Ritz E. Renal cystic disease (ADPKD and ARPKD). Dial. Transplant. 2002;17 (2): 311-4.
  11. Mercado-deane MG, Beeson JE, John SD. US of renal insufficiency in neonates. Radiographics. 22 (6): 1429-38.
  12. Tada Y., Kokado Y., Hashinaka Y. Free supernumerary kidney: a case report and review. J Urol. 1981;126:231–232.
  13. Laurichesse Delmas H, Kohler M, Doray B, et al. Congenital unilateral renal agenesis: Prevalence, prenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies. Data from two birth-defect registries. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:1204.
  14. Mercado-deane MG, Beeson JE, John SD. US of renal insufficiency in neonates. Radiographics. 22 (6): 1429-38.
  15. Del Vescovo R, Battisti S, Di Paola V et-al. Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome: MRI findings, radiological guide (two cases and literature review), and differential diagnosis. BMC Med Imaging. 2012;12 (1):4.

Corresponding Author

Dr Subhasish Panda

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Ph: 7008291101