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Category: Volume 06 Issue 01 January 2018
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Title: A Prospective Study of Maternal and Neonatal Outcome in Women with Preeclampsia

Author: Dr Chetana A Gopchade

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i1.13

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is a disorder of vascular endothelial dysfunction that occurs usually around 20 weeks of gestation but may present as late as 4-8 weeks postpartum. The classical features of preeclampsia include hypertension, protinuria and pathological edema. The associated features may include thrombocytopenia, increased creatinine levels, pulmonary edema and visual disturbances. We conducted this case control study to compare maternal and neonatal outcome in patients with preeclampsia with healthy pregnant women.

Aims And Objectives: To study the association of preeclampsia with factors such as severity of the disease and to know maternal and neonatal outcome in these patients.

Materials and Methods: This was a case control study in which 50 patients admitted in our hospital with preeclampsia were studied. Detailed history was taken in all the patients. General and systemic examination was done. Type of delivery was noted. Patients were monitored during peripartum period and any adverse event was managed according to standard protocol. Risk of preeclampsia in relation to several maternal characteristic was studied along with the maternal and fetal outcome in studies cases. Odds ratio were calculated at appropriate associations. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. The data was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version software.

Results: Mean age of the patients was found to be 24.65 +/- 3.8 years with a median age of 23.2 years. Most common age group in preeclampsia group was 21-25 years (40%). BMI was more than 30 in 17  (34 %) and 3 (6 %) patients in cases and control group respectively. The complications like post partum hemorrhage (12 %) and abruption placenta (8 %) was more in the patients with preeclampsia. Caesarian section rates were also higher in preeclampsia group (56 %) than in normal women (32 %). The most common indication for induction of labor was severity of preeclampsia specially the severity of hypertension. The birth weights of the babies were statistically significantly lower in women with preeclampsia than in healthy women. Moreover babies born to mothers with preeclampsia had a higher neonatal mortality rate than neonates born to healthy women (12 % vs. 4 %). The causes of neonatal deaths included prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal sepsis.

Conclusion: Preeclampsia is associated with increased incidence of delivery by caesarian section. It is also associated with maternal and neonatal complications. It increases the incidence of NICU admissions due to increased incidence of prematurity, respiratory distress and neonatal sepsis.

Keywords: Preeclampsia, Maternal and neonatal outcome, Neonatal mortality and morbidity.

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Corresponding Author

Dr Chetana A Gopchade

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist,

Amrutpath Maternity Hospital Nanded. (MS)- India