Title: Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus study of 100 patients
Authors: Dr Vivek Saxena, Dr Shreshtha Saxena
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i7.63
Introduction- Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem and it is a very common chronic metabolic disorder. There are so many studies which suggest co-morbidity of diabetes with depression and patients with depression have poor disease outcome. Aim- To study co-morbidity of diabetes and depression in outdoor patients. Material and Methods- Total 100 patients were studied. Diagnostic criteria of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (type 2 DM) recommended by American Diabetes Association (ADA) was used. DSM IV criteria was adopted to diagnose depression. Hamilton score for depression was used to quantify the depressive symptoms. Plasma glucose values were compared in both the groups. Results and Conclusion- Prevalence of depression was higher in diabetic patients. Increasing severity of depression was associated with poor glycemic control. Keywords- Diabetes mellitus, Depression, Outdoor patient department. 1. International Diabetes Federation, 2015, 7th edition, page 50-52. 2. WHO | Depression http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/april 2016 3. World Health Organization (WHO). Age-standardized DALYs per 100,000 by cause, and Member State, 2004; 2004 [Retrieved 2011-03-31]. 4. Nichols l, Barton PL, Glazner J, McCollum M: Diabetes, minor depression and health care utilization and expenditures: a retrospective database study. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2007, 5: 4-10.1186/1478-7547-5-4.PubMed Central View Article PubMed Google Scholar 5. Li C, Ford ES, Strine TW, Mokdad AH: Prevalence of depression among U.S. adults with diabetes: findings from the 2006 behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Diabetes Care. 2008, 31 (1): 105-107.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar 6. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2016. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(suppl 1):S1-S106 7. American Psychiatric Association. Diagn-ostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994. 8. Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 1967; 6(4):278–96 9. Sweileh et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 10. Al-Amer RM, Sobeh MM, Zayed AA, Al-Domi HA: Depression among adults with diabetes in Jordan: risk factors and relationship to blood sugar control. J Diabetes Complications. 2011, 25 (4): 247-252. 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2011.03.001 11. Zahid N, Asghar S, Claussen B, Hussain A: Depression and diabetes in a rural community in Pakistan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008, 79 (1): 124-127. 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.07.006 12. Lloyd CE, Dyer PH, Barnett AH: Prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in a diabetes clinic population. Diabet Med. 2000, 17 (3): 198-202. 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00260.x 13. Anderson RJ, Freedland KE, Clouse RE, Lustman PJ: The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2001, 24 (6): 1069-1078. 10.2337/diacare.24.6.1069. 14. Paula M. Trief, PhD Diabetes Spectrum 2007 Apr; 20(2): 71-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.20.2.71 15. Chau PH1, Woo J, Lee CH, Cheung WL, Chen J, Chan WM, Hui L, McGhee SM J Nutr Health Aging. 2011 Nov;15 (9):751-5. 16. Khuwaja AK, Lalani S, Dhanani R, Azam IS, Rafique G, et al. (2010) Anxiety and depression among outpatients with type 2 diabetes: A multi-centre study of prevalence and associated factors. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome 2: 72. 17. “Rating Scales in Depression: Limitations and Pitfalls.” Per Bech, M.D. ; Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006 June; 8(2): 207–215.Abstract
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