Title: A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study of Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Authors: Indrajit Rana, Palin Khundongbam
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i7.46
Introduction: There are lots of established risk factors for developing breast cancer and many of which are out of the patient’s control like genetics, race, sex, age, family history and menstrual history. This study evaluates different risk factors which were found in breast cancer patients diagnosed or treated in Shija Hospitals & Research Institute. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shija Hospitals & Research Institute from 1st November, 2013 to 31st October, 2015. After obtaining an informed consent, data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: Total 200 women were included in the study. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 16 (8%) patients. In our study, breast cancer was significantly associated with age, positive family history and breast feeding. Breast cancer had no significant association with early menarche, late menopause, marital status, age at first child birth and duration of combined oral contraceptive pill consumption. Conclusion: Though some of the risk factors are out of patient’s control, there are various modifiable risk factors associated with development of breast cancer. Breast cancer education should be introduced in the public sector. A good knowledge about risk factors, regular self breast examination and screening tests can help in early detection of breast cancer. Keywords- Breast, Cancer, Risk. 1. Yeole BB, Kurkure AP. An epidemiological assessment of increasing incidence and trends in breast cancer in Mumbai and other sites in India, during the last two decades. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2003;4(1):51-56. 2. GLOBOCAN 2012. Population Fact Sheets of India. Estimated age-standardised incid-ence and mortality rates: women [Internet]. 2013 [Cited 2013 Oct 27]. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/fact_sheets_population.aspx?country=356 3. Perry CS, Otero JC, Palmer JL, Gross AS Risk factors for breast cancer in East Asian women relative to women in West. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2009;5:219–311. 4. Parkin D, Boyd L, Walker L. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010. Br J Cancer 2011; 105(2):77-81. 5. Nandakumar A, Anantha N, Venugopal TC, Sankaranarayanan R, Thimmasetty K, Dhar M. Survival in breast cancer: a population-based study in Bangalore, India. Int J Cancer 1995;60:593-596. 6. Malone KE, Daling JR, Thompson JD, O'Brien CA, Francisco LV, Ostrander EA. BRCA1 mutations and breast cancer in the general population: analyses in women before age 35 years and in women before age 45 years with first-degree family history. JAMA 1998;279 (12): 922–9. 7. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. (1997). Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Lancet 350 (9084): 1047–59. 8. Augustine P, Jose R, Peter A, Lal AA, Prabhakar J, Sreedharan J, et al. Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Kerala, India - A Case Control Study. Academic Medical Journal of India 2014;2(1):7–13. 9. Guray M, Sahin AA: Benign breast diseases: classification, diagnosisand management. Oncologist 2006;11(5):435–449. 10. Rashid R, Haq SM, Khan K, Jamal S, Khalique T, Shah A. Benign breast disorders: a clinicopathological study. Ann Pak Inst Med Sci 2005;1(4):187-190.Abstract
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