Title: Diving Health: Principles of medical & physical fitness
Authors: Ibrahim A Albrethen, Ali M Aldossary, Ahmad A Alghamdi, Hussein M Alkahtani, Munairah A Alswilem, Abdullah M Alramzi, Ali A Ablowi, Hani A Alkhudhier, Ali A Alqarni
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i8.91
Introduction The health risks of deep diving and the fitness of divers continue to attract the attention of researchers. Increased deep diving for commercial, military, and recreational purposes and the persistence of existential threats to divers in the underwater, hyperbaric environment, underscore sustained interest in diving health and improving treatments for health disorders associated with diving. In the article “Exercise Effects During Diving and decompression on Postdive Venous Gas Embolism” Jankowski, Tikuisis, and Nishi (2004) report on their study, in which they pursued an emerging challenge to the conventional view that exercise during diving is entirely a contributor to two well known risks in diving, decompression sickness (DCS) and venous gas embolism (VGE). Their research objective was to find evidence that a certain exercise regimen for divers could minimise VGE events and concomitantly DCS. 1. Bennett, P., Cronje, F. And Campbell, E. (2006). Assessment of Diving Fitness For Scuba Divers And Instructors. Flagstaff, AZ: Best Publishing Company 2. Benton, P. and Glover, M. (2005). Diving medicine. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease (2006) 4, 238-254. Retrieved 8 June 2015 from Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.tmiad.2005.06.014 3. Daniels, S., Evans, A., Hennessy, T. and Estaugh, K. (1984). Ultrasonic monitoring of Decompression procedures [and discussions]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences, 304 (1118), Diving and Life atHigh Pressures, pp.153-175. Retrieved 26 May 2015 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2396162 4. D’ Aouts, B., Smith, K., Swanson, H., White, R., Harvey, C., Hunter, W. et al. (1977). Venous gas bubbles: Production by transient, deep isobaric counter diffusion ofhelium against nitrogen. Science, New Series, 197 (4306) 889-891.Retrieved 28 May 2015 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1744476 5. De Gorordo, A., Vallejo-Manzur, F., Chanin, K. and Varon, J. (2003). Diving emergencies.Resuscitation (59) (2003) 171-180. Retrieved 10 June 2015from Elsevier Ireland Ltd. doi:10.1016/s0300-9572 (03) 00236-3 6. Elliott, D. (2004). Medical evaluation of working divers in Bove and Davis’ Diving Medicine (4th ed.), (Alfred Bove Ed.), pp.533-545.Retrieved 28 May 2015 from http://www.sciencedirect.com 7. Germonpre, P. (2006). The medical risks of underwater diving and their control. International Sportmed Journal, 7 (1), 1-15. Retrieved 27 May 2015 fromAcademic Search Premier 8. Gronning, M. and Aarli, J. (2011). Neurological effects of deep diving.Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 304 (2011), 17-21 Retrieved 27 May 2015 from www.elsevier.com/locate/jns 9. Jankowski, L., Tikuisis, P. and Nishi, R. (2004). Exercise effects during diving and decompression on postdive venous gas emboli. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 75 (6), 489-496 10. Koshi, K., Katoh, T. Abe, H. And Okudera, T. (2000). Neurological accidents caused by repetitive breath-hold dives: two case reports. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 178 (2000) 66-69. Retrieved 7 June 2015 from Elsevier Science B.V.PII:S0022-510X (00) 00360-9 11. Moon, R. and Longphre, J. (2006). Diving in Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine (Geoffrey Laurent and Shapiro, S. Eds.), pp.21-29Retrieved 25 May 2015 from http://www.sciencedirect.com 12. Petri, N. and Andric, D. (2003). Differential diagnostic problems of decompression sickness-Examples from specialist physicians’ practices in diving medicine.Archives of Medical Research, 34 (2003), 26-30.Retrieved 28 May 2015 fromwww.elsevier.com/locate/jns 13. Pochekutova, I. and Korenbaum, V. (2011). Acoustic estimation of the impact of a single dive using a closed-type breathing apparatus on the ventilator function of the human lungs.Human Physiology, 37 (3), 334-338. Retrieved 11 June 2015 from DOI:10:1134/s0362119711020162 14. Risdall, J. and Gradwell, D. (2011). Extr-emes of barometric pressure. Anaesthesia And Intensive Care Medicine, 12 (11), 496-500Elsevier Ltd. 15. Sekulic, D. and Tocilj, J. (2006). Pulmonary function in military divers: Smoking habitsand physical fitness training influence. Military Medicine, 171, 11:1071 16. Strauss, M. and Borer, R. (2001). Diving medicine: Contemporary topics and their controversies. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 19 (3), 232-238 Retrieved 9 June 2015 from Doi:10.1053/ajem.2001.22654 17. Taylor, D., O’Toole, K. and Ryan, C. (2002). Experienced, recreational scuba divers in Australia continue to dive despite medical contraindications.Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 13 (2002), 187-193Retrieved 10 June 2015 from http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12353595 18. Vann, R., Butler, F., Mitchell, S. and Moon, R. (2011). Decompression illness.The Lancet, 2010 (377), 153-164 19. Vaernes, R. (2007). Pressure, effects of extreme high and low in Encyclopedia of Stress (2nd ed.), (George Fink et al. Eds.), pp. 184-194Retrieved 26 May 2015 from http://dx.doi.2048/10.1016/B978-012373947-6-00305-6 20. Verma, R. (2012). International classifica-tion of diseases and diving illnesses. MJAFI 68 (1), 61-62. Retrieved 6 June 2015 from doi:10.1016/s0377-1237 (11) 60142-1Abstract
References