Title: Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Cohort of Pregnant Women Registered in Primary Health Center

Authors: A.Arulmani, I.K.Annie, A.J.W.Felix

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i10.70

Abstract

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is an important public health problem in India. The prevalence of GDM is constantly on the rise, globally.  Women with GDM are at increased risk for adverse obstetric and perinatal outcome, necessitating universal screening.

The aim of the study was 1) to find out the prevalence of GDM among women attending the antenatal clinic in the primary health Centre (PHC).2)to find out the association of GDM with known factors (age, family history, BMI, parity)

Methods: A prospective study was conducted among pregnant women attending PHC, in which all the pregnant women without past history of diabetes was included and registered after informed consent. They were screened for GDM by Glucose challenge test with 75 grams of glucose, between 24 – 28 weeks of gestation. Structured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographic, obstetric, diabetes mellitus history. Data were analyzed by using SPSS Version 20.

Results: A total 526 women participated in this study and the overall prevalence of GDM was found to be 3.8% and the prevalence of GDM was significantly high among the elderly pregnant women, Women with Gravida> 3, obese women and those with a positive family history of diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions: The prevalence of GDM was 3.8%, and Screening for GDM should be promoted in all health centers.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Glucose challenging test, prevalence.

References

 1.      World health organization(2002). Laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus.Geneva: World Health Organization.

2.      Seshiah V, Balaji V, Balaji MS, Paneerselvam A KA. Pregnancy and diabetes scenario around the world: India. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2009;Mar;104(Suppl1):S35–8.

3.      Zargar AH, Sheikh MI, Bashir MI, Masoodi SR, Laway BA, Wani AI, Bhat MH DF. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Kashmiri women from the Indian subcontinent. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004;Nov;66(2):139–45.

4.      Viswanathan Mohan, Manni Mohanraj Mahalakshmi, Balaji Bhavadharini, Kumar Maheswari, Gunasekaran Kalaiyarasi, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Ram Uma, Sriram Usha, Mohan Deepa, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Sonak D. Pastakia, Belma Malanda, Anne Belton  and AK. Comparison of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus by oral glucose tolerance tests done in the non-fasting (random) and fasting states. ACTA Diabetol. 2014;51(6):1007–13.

5.      Kanadys WM. Occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: prognostic value of diabetes risk factors. Arch Perinat Med. 2009;15(2):106–11.

6.      Cihangir Erem, Ufuk B. Kuzu, Orhan Deger GC. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in Turkish women: the Trabzon GDM Study. Arch Med Sci. 2015;11(4):724–35.

7.      Abdullatif D Ali, Amat Al-Khaleq O Mehrass, Abdulelah H Al-Adhroey, Abdulqawi A Al-Shammakh  and AAA. Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Yemen. Int J Womens Health. 2016;8:35–41.

8.      Nayak PK, Mitra S, Sahoo JP, Daniel M, Mathew A PA. Feto-maternal outcomes in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2013;7(4):206–9.

9.      Ramya Neelakandan PSS. Early Universal Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2014;Apr;8(4):12–4.

10.  Seshiah V, Balaji V, Balaji MS, Paneerselvam A, Arthi T, Thamizharasi M DM. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in South India (Tamil Nadu)--a community based study. J Assoc Physicians India. 2008;56:329–33.

11.  Rajesh Rajput, Yogesh Yadav, Smiti Nanda MR. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus & associated risk factors at a tertiary care hospital in Haryana. indian J Med Res. 2013;Apr; 137(4):728–33.

12.  Kalyani K, Jajoo S, Hariharan C, Samal S. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus, its associated risk factors and pregnancy outcomes at a rural setup in Central India. Int J Reprod Contraception, Obstet Gynecol, 2014;3(1):219-224.

13.  Shridevi AS, Prabhudev P, Bhovi MR. A clinical study of prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors at a tertiary care centre in Karnataka , India. Int J Reprod Contraception, Obstet Gynecol. 2015;Dec;4(6):1840–5.

14.  Nilofer AR, Raju VS, Dakshayini BR ZS. Screening in high-risk group of gestational diabetes mellitus with its maternal and fetal outcomes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;Mar;16(Suppl 1):S74–8.

15.  Jesmin S, Akter S, Akashi H, Al-Mamun A, Rahman MA, Islam MM, Sohael , Okazaki O, Moroi M, Kawano S M. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus and its prevalence in Bangladesh. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;Jan;103(1):57–62.

16.  Anjali A. Bhatt, Prasanna B. Dhore, Vedavati B. Purandare, Mehmood G. Sayyad, Mrinal K. Mandal  and AGU. Gestational diabetes mellitus in rural population of Western India – Results of a community survey. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;Jul-Aug;19(4):507–10.

17.  Bhat M, Ramesha KN, Sarma SP, Menon S, Sowmini CV KS. Determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus: A case control study in a district tertiary care hospital in South India. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2010;30:91–6.

Corresponding Author

Dr A.Arulmani

Department of Community Medicine, Rajah Muthiah Medical College,

Annamalai University, Tamilnadu

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Phone No.: +919443214326