Title: Resistance Status of Malaria Vector An. sundaicus and An. subpictus to Insecticide and Detection of Genotype Resistance using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Sungai Nyamuk Village, Sebatik Island, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan
Authors: Sugiarto, Upik Kesumawati Hadi, Susi Soviana, Lukman Hakim
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i10.22
Malaria remains as one of the serious health problems given priority by the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Indonesia. Vector resistance to insecticides is one of the problems in malaria vector control program in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the status of vector resistance Anopheles spp. to insecticides that have not and were already used in malaria vector control programs. The research was conducted in Sungai Nyamuk village, Sebatik Island, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan from January to December 2011. The results showed that An. sundaicus still vulnerable to the pyrethroid class insecticides (Deltamethrin of 0.05% and Permethrin 0.75%), organophosphates (Fenitrotion 1%), organochlorin (DDT 4%) and Carbamat (Bendiocarb 0.1%). The results also showed that An. subpictus were still vulnerable to the pyrethroid class insecticides (Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05%). In genotyping, An. sundaicus mosquito indication amounted to 75.8% resistant to DDT 4%, 29.4% to Permethrin 0.75%, 10% to Bendiocarb 0.1%. Whilst the Deltamethrin 0.05% , Fenitrotion 1% and Lambdacyhalotrin 0.05% showed no indication has been resistant. Indications of vector resistance status is a step of early awareness and is one of the critical success factors of malaria vector control programs. Re-use of DDT should be considered further as there are indications of a fairly high-resistance gene. Keywords- Susceptibility test, DDT, Permethrin, An. sundaicus, An. Subpictus. 1. Ministry of Health Indonesia (MoH). Profile of vector borne diseases in Indonesia. Mini-stry of Health Indonesia Press–Jakarta, 15. 2. Health Agency of Nunukan District. Profile Nunukan Distric of health 2009. Nunukan Dist of Health Press-East Kalimantan, 2010. 3. CT. O’Connor and A. Soepanto. Pictorial key for Anopheles in Kalimantan. Ministry of Health Indonesia Press –Jakarta, 2000. 4. World Health Organization [WHO]. Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes. Geneva-Switzerland, 2013. 5. L. Andina Analisis Residu Endosulfan, Endrin, Dieldrin, Aldrin, P,P-Ddt, dan Heptaklor Pada Beras Varietas Siam Unus di Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Pharmascience, Vol 2, No. 2, Oktober 2015, hal: 103 – 108. 6. IA. Wirawan. Insektisida Permukiman. Di dalam : Sigit HS, Upik KH. Editor. Hama Permukiman Indonesia : Pengendalian, Biologi dan Pengendalian. UKPHP FKH-IPB. Bogor, 2006. 7. World Health Organization [WHO]. Malaria entomology and vector control, Learner’s guide. Geneva, 2003. 8. Ministry of Health Indonesia (MoH). Guide-lines for vector control insecticides use. Ministry of Health Indonesia Press –Jakarta, 2012. 9. Widiarti, Suskamdani and Mujiono. Resistensi vektor malaria terhadap insektis-ida di Dusun Karyasari dan Tukatpule Pulau Bali dan Desa Lendang Ree dan Labuhan Haji Pulau Lombok. Media Penelit. dan Pengembang. Kesehat. Volume XIX Nomor 3. Hal. 154-164, 2009.Abstract
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