Title: Prevalence of various stages of Diabetic Retinopathy in patients of Diabetes Mellitus-Type 2
Authors: Prof Pragati Garg, Dr Lubna Ahmad
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i12.97
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic eye disease is a leading cause of vision loss in persons aged 20 to 74 years1. Diabetes has many manifestations in the eye, of which cataracts and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) are the most significant cause of visual impairment and blindness, and people with diabetes are 25 times more likely than the general population to become blind2. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes3. It is a progressive disease predominantly affecting the integrity of the microscopic vessels found in the retina. DR can be broadly divided into two clinical stages: non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
Materials and Methods: It was a observational, cross sectional study. 200 cases of Diabetes aged ≥30 Years, attending the ophthalmology OPD with their informed written consent were included in the study. In all the patients clinical examination included assessment of Visual acuity, slit lamp examination, fundus examination with +90 D lens, applanation tonometry, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, Stereoscopic 300 macula centered photograph (by carl zeiss-fundus camera).
Result: Out of 200 patients of diabetes who were analysed, diabetic retinopathy was commonly seen in the age group of 50-70 years and in men. Most common type of retinopathy was moderate NPDR (non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy). It was found to be slightly more common in Muslims as compared to Hindus.
Conclusion: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is significantly higher in men (68.5%) (p=0.016) than in women and in those who were 50-70years of age (75.5%) (p<0.001). It is slightly more common in Hindus than in Muslims .Most of the diabetic retinopathy (85.8%) was of the non- proliferative type.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy , diabetes ,prevalence.
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