Details
Category: Volume 10 Issue 10 October 2022
Hits: 713

Title: Study of Risk Factors in Patients with Retinal Venous Occlusions

Author: Dr Thoutam Anusha

 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v10i10.13

Abstract

Introduction

Venous obstructive disease of the retina is a common retinal vascular disorder, second only to diabetic retinopathy in incidence[1] causing significant visual morbidity affecting quality of life of patient. Incidence of CRVO is 0.8 per 1000 persons and 4.4 per 1000 persons for BRVO in general population[2].

The dramatic picture of obstructions of retinal veins was initially described as retinal apoplexy by Liebriech in 1854[3]. Leber[4] (1877) reported the first case of BRVO and called it as hemorrhagic retinitis. It was first established as a clinical entity due to thrombosis by Julius Von Michel. Koyanagi first reported the association between BRVO and AV-Crossings.

RVO most commonly affects the venous blood supply of entire retina [CRVO] or a quadrant drained by one of the branches [BRVO] less commonly superior or inferior half of retina alone is affected [HRVO]

References

  1. Orth DH, Patz A.Retinal vein occlusion. Surv Ophthalmol, 1978; 22:357-376.
  2. Sophie Rogers S, Mc Intosh RL et al, the prevalence of retinal vein occlusion: Pooled data from population studies from the united states, Europe, Asia and Australia. Ophthalmology. 2010; 117:313-319.
  3. Liebreich R. Ophthalmoskopische Notizen 3. Apoplexia retinae. Albrecht von Graefes Arch Ophthalmol. 1(2):346-351, 1855.
  4. Leber T. Die Thrombose der Zentralvene und die harmorrhagische Retinitis. In: Graefe-Saemisch-Hess Handbuch der Gesamten Augenheilkunde. Leipzig: Englemann, 2nd, vol. 7, 1915-355-459.
  5. Myron Yanoff MD and Jay S Duker MD, Text book of ophthalmology, 3rd
  6. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB, Podhajsky P. Incidence of various types of retinal vein occlusion and their recurrence and demographic characteristics. Am J Ophthalmol 1994: 117:492-41.
  7. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Risk factors for branch retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthlamol. 1993;116:286-96.
  8. Johnstom RL. Brucker AJ, Steinmann W, et al. Risk factors for branch retinal vein occlusion.Arch Ophthalmol, 1985; 103: 1831-1832.
  9. Gutman FA, Evaluation of a patient with central retinal vein occlusion, Ophthlamology. 1983;90:481-483.
  10. Duker JS, Brown GC. Anterior location of the crossing artery in branch retinal vein obstruction. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107:998-1000.
  11. Feist RM, Ticho BH, Shapiro MJ, Farber PH. Branch retinal vein occlusion and quantitative variations in arterio venous crossing. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992;13: 664-8.
  12. Weinberg D, Dodwell DG, Fern JA. Anatomy of arterio venous crossings in branch retinal vein occlusion . Am J Ophthalmol. 1990;109:298-303.
  13. Lahey JM, Tunc M, Kearney J et al, Laboratory evaluation of hypercoagulable states in patients with central retinal vein occusion who are less than 56 years of age. Ophthalmology 2002; 109:126-131.
  14. Lahey JM, Tunc M, Kearney J, Hypercoagulable states and central retinal vein occlusion. Curr opin pulm Med 2003; 9:385-392.
  15. Cahill MT, Stinnett SS. Fekrat S. Meta-Analysis of plasma homocysteine, serum folate, serum vitamin B12 and thermolabile MTHFR, genotype as risk factors for retinal vascular occlusive disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:1136-1150
  16. Cugati S, Wang JJ, Knutdson MD. Retinal vein occlusion and vascular mortality: pooled data analysis of 2 population-based cohorts. Ophthalmology 2007, 114:520-524.
  17. .Stem S.M, Talwar N, Corner MG, Stein DJ, A longitudinal analysis of risk factors associated with CRVO. Ophthalmology 2013;120:362-70
  18. Green berg PB, Martidis A, Rogers AH., et al, Intravitreal Triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to Central retinal vein occlusion, Br J. Ophthalmol, 2002; 86:247-248.
  19. Klein BA, Olwin JH, A Survey of pathogenesis of retinal venous occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol. 1956; 56:207.
  20. Green WR. Retinal ischemia vascular and circulatory condtions and diseases. In spensor WH, ed. Opthalmic pathology: an atlas and text book vol. 2 Philadelphia, WB saunders 1985; 655-709.
  21. Lee JY, Yoon YH, Kim KH, Yoon HS, Kang SW, Kim GJ, Park K, Jo YJ, Korean RVO study. Baseline characteristics and Risk factors of Retinal Vein Occlusion: A study by the Korean RVO study group. J Korean Med. Sci. 2013;28:136-44.

Corresponding Author

Dr Thoutam Anusha

MS Ophthal

Senior Resident, Chalmeda Anandarao Institute of Medical Sciences Karimnagar