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Category: Volume 10 Issue 05 May 2022
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Title: Prevalence of Health-Care Associated Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Eastern Assam

Authors: Dr Subhrendu Sekhar Sen, Dr Ilanchezhiyan N

 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v10i5.07

Abstract

Background: Hospital associated infection or Nosocomial infection or Health-care-associated infection (HAIs) are infections that occur while receiving health care, developed in a hospital or other health care facility that first appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission, or within 30 days after having received health care. Hospital acquired infection includes Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI), Catheter Acquired Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), and Surgical Site Infection (SSI). The purpose of this study is to review the profile of hospital-acquired infections in our hospital, a multi-specialty tertiary care centre, located in the south-eastern part of Assam.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out on patients identified to have developed HAIs while admitted to the medical wards, paediatric wards, surgical wards, dialysis unit, and intensive care unit (ICU) of the hospital. A clinical evaluation and relevant laboratory investigations were carried out. The study period was from 1st October, 2019 to 30th September, 2020.

Results: An overall HAI prevalence was 15.7% with highest in ICUs (38.5%) followed by paediatric wards (13.5%) and surgical wards (12%). The most common HAI category was urinary tract infection (UTI- 31.1%) followed by respiratory tract infections (RTI- 24.3%)& the most common pathogens isolated were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphlococcus aureus.. The incidence of CLABSI was 3.6%, the most common pathogen isolated was Acinetobacter baumanii. CAUTI was diagnosed in 3.8% admitted patients who had foley catheter Most of the HAIs in our ICU were caused by MDR Gram Negative Organism & Acinetobacter baumanni was the commonest of all.

Conclusions: The HAI prevalence found in this study was lower than HAI rates reported in some other studies from other parts of Assam. The isolates showed high resistance to common antibiotics. Guidelines for improving HAI surveillance and stringent measures to reduce the prevalence of multidrug-resistant HAIs must be implemented to reduce the rate and the consequences of HAIs.

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Corresponding Author

Dr Ilanchezhiyan N

Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital