Abstract

Introduction

The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease which usually manifests with respiratory symptoms.¹ Fever, cough, myalgia, and fatigue are common in patients. There are more male cases (60%) than in female cases. Like the MERS-CoV and the SARS-CoV, the SARS-CoV-2 is also a beta virus belonging to Coronaviridae family. SARS-CoV-2 has spike proteins that are responsible for the tissue tropism that the virus displays. SARS CoV-2 seems to preferably chooses respiratory epithelium where it enters through angiotensin-converting enzyme.² Middle East Respiratory Syndrome is caused by the MERS-CoV virus, also known as Camel Flu, whereas Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is caused by SARS-CoV. MERS-CoV first reported in 2012, and the SARS-CoV outbreak happened in 2003. These viruses did not have the capability of spreading than the SARS-CoV-2 virus so their outbreak was much more easily controlled than SARS-CoV-2. There are 2494 cases seen in MERS-CoV worldwide. The virus spread to 27 countries and caused the death of 858 people, according to WHO. In the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2003, the virus spread to 29 countries with a death number 810 in a total of 8096 cases. Bats are the common descent of all three viruses. However, the exact source of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown. It was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and spread to 213 countries and territories around the world. It is well established that virus gets into body from mouth, nose or eyes and infect patients. It is almost certain that people to people transmission is the only way of getting virus because virus cannot leave outside the body for a lot of time. People who got severely sick shows mostly single organ failure, which is the respiratory problem, but some develop multiple organ dysfunction.³