Title: The Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Patients with Urolithiasis coming to the Nephrology Department of this Tertiary Care Centre in South India
Authors: Akshaj Manilal, Dr Kishore S Dharan, Dr Anna Mathew, Mr. Prakash Ramasami
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v8i2.34
Abstract
Background: Urolithiasis is one of the most important causes of acute and chronic urinary failure.presenting with acute renal colic, severe loin pain, frequent urination, dysuria, oliguria and haematuria. It can be precipitated by dehydration and reduced urine output, increased protein intake, heavy physical exercise, and various medicines. The treatment of urolithiasis involves emergency management of renal (ureteral) colic, including surgical interventions where indicated, and medical therapy for stone disease. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to find the prevalence of urolithiasis in patients presenting with acute kidney injury and to study the biochemical parameters associated with urolithiasis.
Objectives: To find the prevalence of renal urolithiasis presenting with acute kidney injury and to document the clinical findings, risk factors and outcomes of urolithiasis in patients coming to the nephrology department of this tertiary care hospital.
Methodology: After approval for study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee data for this cross-sectional study was collected from the medical records of patients admitted for urolithiasis in this institution from April 2016. The sample size was calculated to be 246, for single proportion, for a confidence interval of 95% and precision of 5% using the estimated prevalence of urinary stones of 20%. The data was analysed using SPSS software to find the prevalence and risk factors of Urolithiasis in acute kidney injury.
Results and Conclusions: In our study we found urolithiasis was commonly seen in male patients between the ages of 50 and 60 years, who presented commonly with flank pain and vomiting. Serum creatinine was elevated in around two thirds of the patients and the commonest feature on urine analysis was haematuria. Most of the patients (70%) were surgically managed. The prevalence of acute kidney injury due to urolithiasis was 23% and chronic kidney disease was 3%.
Keywords: Urolithiasis, kidney stones, calculi, lithotripsy, acute kidney injury.
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