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Category: Volume 07 Issue 06 June 2019
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Title: Intrauterine growth restriction: Biochemical, histopathological and ultrasonographic evaluation

Authors: Dr Ashish Seal, Dr Sayandev Dasgupta, Dr Mousumi Sengupta, Dr Ramesh Agarwalla, Dr Arup Dasgupta, Dr Rinini Dastider

 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i6.41

Abstract

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition that occurs due to various reasons, is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study was done to know biochemical, histopathological and radiological changes in IUGR cases with pregnancy.

Methodology & Subjects: Women who attended the Obstetric OPD in their 1st trimester of pregnancy and those who were thought would be able to visit the antenatal clinic for their fortnightly check-up regularly were screened for intrauterine foetal growth retardation. Women with irregular and uncertain menstrual history and where the 1st trimester USG foetal crown rump length did not corroborate with the menstrual gestational age were excluded from this study.

Results: Incidence of IUGR was 18.2% and 84% were found to be asymmetrical. IUGR was found to be double among primigravids and women above 30 years. In the present study, both clinical and ultrasonographic detection of oligohydramnios was found to be associated with IUGR. Abdominal circumference was found to be less in IUGR group than control cases from 28 weeks onwards in serial USG examination. Mean weight of placenta of IUGR babies were significantly low as compared to control group. Hb level was found lower in IUGR cases than control group. Maternal blood sugar level was relatively low at term in IUGR group. In IUGR group perinatal mortality was 2 (8%), whereas in normal pregnancy there was no perinatal death.

Conclusion: Fetuses with impaired intrauterine growth resulting from placental insufficiency are at increased risk of adverse short- and long-term outcome. Most of risk factors associated with IUGR in this study are preventable.

Keywords: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); Fetus; Pregnancy; Placenta; USG; Outcomes

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Corresponding Author

Dr Sayandev Dasgupta

Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Banbishnupur, Purba Medinipur, Haldia, West Bengal 721645, India