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Category: Volume 07 Issue 04 April 2019
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Title: Spectrum of Oral Diseases in High Altitude Area & Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Authors: Lt Col Santosh Kumar Singh, Brig Jai Prakash Prasad, Lt Col Tentu Ajai Kumar, Col Anil Kumar Jha, Capt Maganbhai Dangar, Capt Chinmaya Dash, Capt Aditya Prasad, Dr Vani Singh

 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i4.169

Abstract

Objective: To establish the association between dental diseases in high altitude area and its association with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Study Population 1032 combatants were screened for their routine medical and dental check up.

Methods: All the combatants had undergone general medical examination which include the physical parameters like weight, height and BMI. General examination also included serial blood pressure measurement for six days. For dental examination all the combatants were examined for various dental diseases i.e dental caries, Infected root stumps, periodontal conditions and other oral conditions that will hamper their abilities to perform their duties in high altitude area. For identifying dental caries we use dental explorer, dental mirror and for periodontal conditions we use UNC15 periodontal probe. Individuals with generalised periodontitis were subjected for lab investigations in the form of blood sugar (fasting blood sugar level and post prandial blood sugar levels), HbA1c, lipid profile and sonography for fatty liver.

Results: Out of 1032 combatants, 65% had carious tooth,13% had a infected root stumps and 36% had a periodontitis .however some of them had a combination of dental diseases like dental caries and infected root stump/stumps, caries and periodontitis, periodontitis and infected root stumps or all three dental diseases. Out of 130  generalised periodontitis cases, 12.30% (16) had impaired glucose tolerance, 8%(11) were diabetics, 13.84%(18) had dyslipidaemia and 10%(13) had isolated hypertriglyceridemia.  Also those patients who had dyslipidemia or isolated hypertriglycerdemia along with periodontitis were subjected for sonological study for fatty liver. 91% of cases had fatty liver. This shows a significant association between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion: Thus our study correlates association between dental diseases and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, Body mass index, Dyslipidemia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus & impaired glucose tolerance in high altitude areas.

Keywords: High altitude area, hypertension, BMI, dental caries, infected root stumps, periodontitis, dyslipidemia.

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Corresponding Author

Lt Col Tentu Ajai Kumar

Classified Specialist, Pulmonary Medicine Department, Military Hospital, Namkum, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India