Title: Laparoscopic Observations in Infertile Females
Authors: Shuchi Jain, Shivi Jain, Madhu Jain
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i10.142
Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Inability to conceive bears a social stigma and repercussions. The objective of the present study was to find out the different causes of female infertility with diagnostic laparoscopy in both primary and secondary fertility.
Methods: 50 infertile women, 30 with primary and 20 with secondary infertility underwent diagnostic laparoscopy after written informed consent and after initial hysterosalpingography and sonosalpingography. Those not living together for 1 year with regular intercourse were excluded from the study. Those with absolute or relative contraindications for undergoing laparoscopy such as cardiovascular or respiratory disease, intestinal obstruction or hernia were also not included.
Result: Nothing abnormal was observed in 8 of primary and 3 of secondary infertility patients. Tubal block, pelvic adhesions, and Polycystic ovary (PCOD) were more frequent in primary and tubal block, PCOD, and pelvic adhesions in secondary infertility.
Conclusion: Tubal block, pelvic adhesions and Polycystic ovary are common causes of infertility. Diagnostic laparoscopy should be included for evaluation of long term infertility.
Keywords: Primary infertility, Secondary infertility, Laparoscopic evaluation.
References
- Rutstein SO, Macro ORC, Shah IH. Infecundity, infertility, and childlessness in developing countries. DHS comparative reports No. 9. Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro and the World Health Organization; 2004 (Available from http://who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/ DH S- CR9pdf )
- Sridhar D, Rambabu C. A study on laparoscopic evaluation of female infertility in South Indian population. Asian Pac. J. Health Sci. 2015; 2(2):165-8
- Chaitra K, Prathima S, Savitha C, Anitha GS. Laparoscopy as a diagnostic tool in evaluation of female factors in infertility. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2017; 6(3): 864-7
- Maheshwari A, Hamilton M, Bhattacharya S. Effect of female age on the diagnostic categories of infertility. Hum Reprod 2008; 23: 538-42
- Khaula K. Role of diagnostic laparoscopy in evaluation of female subfertility. ServInst Med Sci 2005; 3: 31-4
- Aziz N. Laparoscopic evaluation of female factors in infertility. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010; 20(10): 649-52