References

1. Kounis NG, Zavras GM. Histamine-induced coronary artery spasm: the concept of allergic angina. Br J Clin Pract 1991; 45(2):121–128.
2. Pfister CW, Plice SG. Acute myocardial infarction during a prolonged allergic reaction to penicillin.  Heart J.40, 945–947 (1950).
3. Zosin P, Miclea F, Munteanu M. Allergic myocardial infarction.  Med. Rev.19,26–228 (1965).
4. Kovanen PT, Kaartinen M, Paavonen T. Infiltrates of activated mast cells at the site of coronary atheromatous erosion or rupture in myocardial infarction. Circulation92, 1083–1088 (1995).
5. Constantinides P. Infiltrates of activated mast cells at the site of coronary atheromatous erosion or rupture in myocardial infarction. Circulation92, 1083 (1995).
6. Constantinides P, Harkey M. Electron microscopic exploration of human endothelium in early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions.   N.Y. Acad. Sci.898, 113–124 (1990).
7. Kounis NG. Coronary hypersensitivity disorder: the Kounis syndrome. Clin Ther 2013; 35(5): 563–571.
8. Nikolaidis LA, Kounis NG, Gradman AH. Allergic angina and allergic myocardial infarction: a new twist on an old syndrome. Can J Cardiol 2002; 18(5):508–511.
9. Kounis NG. Kounis syndrome (allergic angina and allergic myocardial infarction): a natural paradigm? Int J Cardiol 2006; 110(1):7–14.
10. Kounis NG. Kounis syndrome: an update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic management. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016; 54(10): 1545–1559
11. Hasegawa S, Tashiro N, Matsubara T, Furukawa S, Ra C. A comparison of Fc epsilon RI- mediated RANTES release from human platelets between allergic patients and healthy individuals. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2001;125: Suppl 1:42–7.
12. Wickman M. When allergies complicate allergies. Allergy 2005; 60:14–8.
13. Johnson JL, Jackson CL, Angelini GD, George SJ. Activation of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases by mast cell proteases in atherosclerotic plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 1707–15.
14. Kounis NG, Tsigkas G, Almpanis G, Kouni SN, Kounis GN, Mazarakis A. Anaphylaxis-induced hyper-fibrinoge-nolysis and the risk of Kounis syndrome: the dual action of tryptase. Am J Emerg Med 2011; 29:1229–30.
15. Allen SP, Dashwood MR, Chester AH, Tadjkarimi S, Collins M, Piper PJ, et al. Influence of atherosclerosis on the vascular reactivity of isolated human epicardial coronary arteries to leukotriene C4. Cardioscience 1993; 4:47–54.
16. Riccioni G, Zanasi A, Vitulano N, Mancini B, D’Orazio N. Leukotrienes in atherosclerosis: new target insights and future therapy perspectives. Mediators Inflamm 2009; 737282.
17. Tanniere M, Rochette L. Direct effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on cardiac function in isolated guinea pig heart. Drug Rev Res 1987; 11:177–86.
18. Patsouras N, Kounis NG. Scorpion bite, a sting to the heart and to coronaries resulting in Kounis syndrome. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2015; 19(6): 368–369.
19. Maheswari M, Tanwar CP. Scorpion Bite Induced Myocardial Damage and Pulmonary Edema. Heart Views. 2012 Jan-Mar; 13(1): 16-18
20. Patra S, K S, Singla V, Ravindranath KS. Acute myocardial infarction following scorpion sting in a case with obstructive coronary artery. BMJ Case Reports. 2013: bcr 2013009865
21. Baykan A O, Gur M, Acele A, Seker T, Cayli M. Scorpion envenomation-induced acute thrombotic myocardial infarction. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2016; 44(1): 82-86
22. Puttegowda B, Chikkabasavaiah N, Basavappa R, Khateed STA. Acute myocardial infarction following honeybee sting. BMJ Case Rep. 2014; 2014: bcr2014203832.
23. Yaman M, Mete T, Ozer I, Yaman E, Beton O. Reversible myocarditis and pericarditis after Black Widow Spider Bite or Kounis Syndrome. Case Reports in Cardiology. 2015; 768089
24. Sivakumar S, Kirubanand N, Kannan R. Kounis Syndrome (Type I) following bee sting. IOSR-JDMS. 2016; 15: 09-11
25. Kounis NG, Soufras GD. Scorpion envenomation. N Engl J Med. 2014; 371:1558–9.

Corresponding Author

Jyotsnaa M

Post Graduate, Department of Medicine, RMMCH, Chidambaram-608002, Tamilnadu