Details
Category: Volume 06 Issue 10 October 2018
Hits: 1529

Title: Control of Bad Smile- A Review

Authors: Eman Alharbi, Nisrin Alharthi, Ohud Sandougah

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i10.43

Abstract

Background: Smile has an influence on the facial attractiveness, bad smile result in decreasing facial attractiveness and self-esteem and makes individuals unsatisfied on themselves. Several factors influence the smile such as color, size and shape of the teeth, buccal corridors and gingival display. Patients looking for improving their smile by visiting dental clinics, the strategy used to improve the smile of patients depend on the problem exist, budget of the patient and dentist‘s evaluation.

Aim: The aim of this review is to overview the factors influence smile in cosmetic dentistry aspects.

Methods: Several scientific websites were used to search for scientific articles related to the present subject including Google Scholar and Pubmed. Key words such as bad smile, cosmetic dentistry and factors influence smile were used to obtain articles.

Results: 8 articles were found to be related to our subject and used in this review.

Conclusion: Smile has a great influence on facial attractiveness and self-esteem. The smile is influenced by several factors many of them can be improved by cosmetic dentistry such as teeth shape, size and color, while others can't be controlled by cosmetic dentistry such as aging. The Judging of good and bad smile differs according to the opinion of patients and dental specialist. 

Keywords: Smile attractiveness, Smile esthetic, Dental esthetic.

References

  1. Smile Makeover | What are the Treatments & What Does it Cost? [Internet]. Your Dentistry Guide. [cited 2018 May 9]. Available from: https://www.yourdentistryguide.com/smile-makeover/
  2. Snow SR. Esthetic smile analysis of maxillary anterior tooth width: the golden percentage. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 1999 Jul 1;11(4):177-84.
  3. Coldstein RE. Study of the need for esthetics in dentisay. J Prosthet Dent 1969; 21589-597
  4. Golub-Evans J. Unity and variety: essential ingredients of a smile design. Curr Opin Cosmet Dent 1994;2:1-5.
  5. Morley J. Advanced smile design. Course presented at: Postgraduate Advanced Restorative Esthetics Program, Baylor College of Dentistry, Department of Continuing Education; Feb. 12, 1999; Dallas.
  6. Dion K, Berscheid E, Walster E. What is beautiful is good. J PersSocPsychol. 1972;24:285–290.
  7. Bull R, Rumsey N. The Social Psychology of Facial Appearance. New York, NY: Springer Verlag; 1988.
  8. Flanary C. The psychology of appearance and psychological impact of surgical alteration of the face. In: Bell WH, ed. Modern Practice in Orthognathic and Reconstructive Surgery. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 1992: 3–21.
  9. Van der Geld P, Oosterveld P, Van Heck G, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Smile attractiveness: self-perception and influence on personality. The Angle Orthodontist. 2007 Sep;77(5):759-65.
  10. Thompson L, Malmberg J, Goodell N, Boring R. The distribution of attention across a talker’s face. Discourse Process. 2004;38:145–168.
  11. Gosney MBE. An investigation into some of the factors influencing the desire fororthodontic treatment. Br J Orthod 1986; 13:87–94.
  12. Eli I, Bar-Tal Y, Kostovetzki I. At first glance: Social meanings of dental appearance. J Pub Health Dent 2001;61:150–154.
  13. Newton JT, Prabhu N, Robinson PG. The impact of dental appearance on the appraisal of personal characteristics. IntJ Prosthodont. 2003;16:429–434.
  14. Demir F, Oktay EA, Topcu FT. Smile and dental aesthetics: a literature review. Med Sci. 2017;6:172-7.
  15. Tu¨ zgiray YB and Kaya B. Factors Affecting Smile Esthetics. Turkish J Orthod 2013;26:58–64.
  16. Moore T, Southard KA, Casko JS, Qian F, Southard TE. Buccal corridors and smile esthetics. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop. 2005;127:208–213.
  17. Ritter DE, Gandini LG Jr, Pinto ADS, Locks A. Esthetic influence of negative space in the buccal corridor during smiling. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:198–203.
  18. Yang IH, Nahm DS, Baek SH. Which hard and soft tissue factors relate with the amount of buccal corridor space during smiling? Angle Orthod. 2008;78:5–11.
  19. Maulik C, Nanda R. Dynamic smile analysis in young adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:307–315.
  20. Moskowitz M, Nayyar A. Determinants of dental esthetics: a rationale for smile analysis and treatment. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1995;16:1164–1166.
  21. Allen EP. Use of mucogingival surgical procedures to enhance esthetics. Dent Clin North Am. 1988;32:307–330.
  22. Peck S, Kataja M. Some vertical lineaments of lip position. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;101:519–524.
  23. Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. The gingival smile line. Angle Orthod. 1992;62:91–100.
  24. Ioi H, Nakata S, Counts AL. Influence of gingival display on smile aesthetics in Japanese. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32:633– 637.
  25. Hunt O, Johnston C, Hepper P, Burden D, Stevenson M. The influence of maxillary gingival exposure on dental attractiveness ratings. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:199–204.
  26. Tajan AH, Miller GD, The JG. Some esthetic factors in a smile. J Prosthet Dent;1984:51(1):24-28.
  27. Witzig JW, Spahl RJ. The Clinical Management of Basic Maxillofacial Orthopedic Appliances. Littleton, Mass: PSG Publishing; 1987;1–13.
  28. Dierkes JM. The beauty of the face: an orthodontic perspective. J Am Dent Assoc. 1987:89E–95E.
  29. Kim E, Gianelly AA. Extraction vs nonextraction: arch widths and smile esthetics. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:354–358.
  30. Bell RA. The geometric theory of selection of artificial teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 1978;97:637–640.
  31. Seluk L, Brodbelt R, Walker G. A biometric comparison of face shape with denture form. J Oral Rehabil. 1987; 14:139– 145.
  32. Brodbelt RHW, Walker GF, Nelson D, Seluk LW. A comparison of tooth shape with tooth form. J Prosthet Dent. 1984;52:588–592.
  33. Anderson KM, Behrents RG, McKinney T, Buschang PH. Tooth shape preferences in an esthetic smile. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:458–465.
  34. Pinho S, Ciriaco A, Faber J, Lenza MA. Impact of dental asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:748–753.
  35. Geld PV, Oosterveld P, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Age-related changes of the dental aesthetic zone at rest and during spontaneous smiling and speech. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30: 366–373.
  36. Desai S, Upadhyay M, Nanda R. Dynamic smile analysis: changes with age. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009; 136:310.e1–310.e10.
  37. Samorodnitzky-Naveh GR, Geiger SB, Levin L. Patients’ satisfaction with dental esthetics. J Am Dent Assoc. 2007; 138: 805-8.
  38. Tin-Oo M, Saddki N, Hassan N. Factors influencing patient satisfaction with dental appearance and treatments they desire to improve aesthetics. BMC Oral Health. 2011; 11: 1-8.
  39. Silvola AS, Varimo M, Tolvanen M, Rusanen J, Lahti S, Pirttiniemi P. Dental esthetics and quality of life in adults with severe malocclusion before and after treatment. Angle Orthod. 2014; 84: 594-9.
  40. Meireles SS, Goettems ML, Dantas RV, Bona AD, Santos IS, Demarco FF. Changes in oral health related quality of life after dental bleaching in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Dent. 2014; 42: 114-21.
  41. Kershaw S, Newton JT, Williams DM. The influence of tooth colour on the perceptions of personal characteristics among female dental patients: comparisons of unmodified, decayed and ‘whitened’ teeth. Br Dent J. 2008; 204: E9; discussion 256-7.
  42. Grosofsky A, Adkins S, Bastholm R, et al. Tooth color: Effects on judgments of attractiveness and age. Percept Mot Skills 2003;96:43–48
  43. Ahrari F, Heravi F, Rashed R, Zarrabi MJ, Setayesh Y. Which Factors Affect Dental Esthetics and Smile Attractiveness in Orthodontically Treated Patients?. Journal of dentistry (Tehran, Iran). 2015 Jul;12 (7):491.
  44. Tung AW, Kiyak HA. Psychological influences on the timing of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998 Jan;113(1):29-39.
  45. Rosenberg J. The Immediate Smile Makeover. Oral Health Journal. 2011:26-32.
  46. Beall, A.E. Can a new smile make you look more intelligent and successful? Dental Clinics of North Amer-ica;2007: 51, 289-297
  47. Lopez Y, Le Rouzic J, Bertaud V, Pérard M, Le Clerc J, Vulcain JM. Influence of teeth on the smile and physical attractiveness. A new internet based assessing method. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2013 Mar 18;3(01):52.
  48. O’Brien, C., Benson, P.E. and Marshman, Z. Evaluation of a quality of life measure for children with malocclusion. Journal of Orthodontics;2007: 34, 185-193.
  49. Grzywacz, I. The value of the aesthetic compo-nent of the index of orthodontic treatment need in the as-sessment of subjective orthodontic treatment need. Euro-pean Journal of Orthodontics;2003: 25, 57-63.
  50. Alkhatib MN, Holt R, Bedi R. Prevalence of self-assessed tooth discolouration in the United Kingdom. J Dent 2004;32: 561–566.
  51. Nathoo AS. The chemistry and mechanisms of extrinsic and intrinsic discoloration. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997 Apr;128 Suppl:6S-10S.
  52. Scaffa PM, Silva LM, Nahsan FP, Sampaio PC, Francisconi PA, Francisconi-dos-Rios LF. Esthetic restoration of the smile: directly veneering a discolored anterior tooth. Clinical and Laboratorial Research in Dentistry. 2015 Dec 18;21(1):52-7.
  53. Barber AJ, King PA. Management of the single discol­oured tooth. Part 2: restorative options. Dent Update. 2014 Apr;41(3): 194-6, 198-200, 202-4.
  54. Korkut B, Yanıkoğlu F, Günday M. Direct composite lami­nate veneers: three case reports. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2013;7(2):105-11.
  55. Radz GM. Minimum thickness anterior porcelain resto­rations. Dent Clin North Am. 2011 Apr;55(2):353-70.
  56. Felippe LA, Baratieri LN. Direct resin composite veneers. Masking the dark prepared enamel surface. Quintessence Int. 2000 Sep;31(8):557-62.
  57. Machado AN, Coelho-de-Souza FH, Rolla JN, Erhardt MC, Demarco FF. Direct or indirect composite veneers in anterior teeth: which method causes higher tooth mass loss? An in vitro study. Gen Dent. 2014 Nov-Dec;62(6):55-7.
  58. da Cunha LF, Reis R, Santana L, Romanini JC, Carvalho RM, Furuse AY. Ceramic veneers with minimum preparation. Eur J Dent. 2013 Oct;7 (4):492-6 .

Corresponding Author

Eman Alharbi