Title: Clinical profile and outcome of Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) in children from a tertiary care centre in Odisha, India
Authors: Sunil Kumar Agarwalla, Nasreen Ali
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i10.38
Abstract
Introduction: Glomerulonephritis is the term reserved for the variety of renal disease in which inflammation of the glomerulus, manifested by proliferation of cellular elements, is secondary to immunologic mechanism. Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is major cause of morbidity in developing countries. This study is an attempt to evaluate the clinical characteristics, complications and outcome of acute nephritic syndrome.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted on all the cases found to have acute glomerulonephritis, and sample size constituted all children between 2 years to 14 years, hospitalized in pediatric department of MKCG Medical college from Feb. 2017 to Jan.2018 with acute glomerulonephritis.
Results: Out of 50 patients studied 64% were male and 36% were female. The peak age group was 5 to 10 years. Pyoderma was the most common predisposing condition (64%). Latent period between infection and onset of disease was highest in 15-21 days (38%). 86% patients had low C3 at the time of diagnosis. Majority of patients were with low complement C3 level and positive ASO titre. 92% with AGN recovered completely.
Conclusion: AGN is a significant renal problem in children and one of the common causes of hospital admissions. Early identification, monitoring and management is required to prevent morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: Children, hematuria, Acute glomerulonephritis, complement C3.
References
- Chadban SJ, Atkins RC. Glomerulo-nephritis. Lancet 2005; 365:1797.
- Couser Pathogenesis of glomerulo-nephritis. Kidney IntSuppl 1993; 42:S19.
- Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M. The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5:685.
- Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Musser JM. The current state of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:1855.
- Blyth CC, Robertson PW, Rosenberg AR. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in Sydney: a 16-year retrospective review. J Paediatr Child Health 2007; 43:446.
- Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme III JW, Schor NF, Behrman RE. Nephrology. Chapter XXIII. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Elsiever Saunders; 2011: 1778-1864
- Mishra OP, Prasad R, Singh UK. Disorders of kidney and urinary tract. In: Text Book of Pediatrics, Ed Gupta P, CBS Publishers, New Delhi; 2013;422-54
- Rodriguez-Iturbe B. Postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 35: XLVI.
- Zhang Y, Shen Y, Feld LG, Stapleton FB. Changing pattern of glomerular disease at Beijing Children’s Hospital. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1994; 33:542.
- Sanjad S, Tolaymat A, Whitworth J, Levin S. Acute glomerulonephritis in children: a review of 153 cases. South Med J 1977; 70:1202.
- Cattran Evidence-Based Recommen-dations For The Management Of Glomerulonephritis. Introduction. Kidney IntSuppl 1999 Jun; 70: S1-2.
- Steer AC, Danchin MH, Carapetis JR. Group A streptococcal infections in children. J Paediatr Child Health 2007; 43:203-213.
- A.Y. Elzouki, F. Amin, and 0.P. Jaiswal. Prevalence and pattern of renal disease in eastern Libya. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1983;(58): 106-109.