Title: Influence of NK Cells during Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Oral cancer

Authors: Priyashi Rao, Birva Raiya, Hemangini Vora

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i7.161

Abstract

Oral carcinogenesis is a major health problem in the world. Over 90% of all Oral Cancer is classified as Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with loco regional relapse and cervical lymph node metastasis.Considering epithelial malignancies, the role of immune system in governing Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) has not been much investigated in oral cancer. The present investigation suggests a possible role of NK cells during EMT and its correlation to invasive properties of tumour. Athough a direct correlation couldn’t be established but the influence of NK cells on EMT could be seen which open up new horizon for immunotherapeutic strategies in the coming years.

Keywords: NK cells, invasion, Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), EMT, E-cadherin, Vimentin.

References

  1. Cooper, M. A., Fehniger, T. A., Turner, S. C., Chen, K. S., Ghaheri, B. A., Ghayur, T. Caligiuri, M. A. (2013). Human natural killer cells: a unique innate immunoreg-ulatory role for the CD56 bright subset Library, 97(10), 3146–3151.
  2. Imai K, Matsuyama S, Miyake S, Suga K, Nakachi K. Natural cytotoxic activity of peripheral-blood lymphocytes and cancer incidence: an 11-year follow-up study of a general population. Lancet. 2000;356 (9244):1795–1799.
  3. Stojanovic, A. and Cerwenka, A. (2011). Natural killer cells and solid tumors. Journal of Innate Immunity,3(4),355–364. https://doi.org/10.1159/000325465
  4. Kalluri, R., & Weinberg, R. a. (2009). Review series the basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 119(6), 1420–1428.
  5. Huber MA, Kraut N, Beug H. Molecular requirements for epithelial-mesenchymal transition during tumor progression. Curr Opin Cell Biol2005; 17:548–558
  6. Mandal M, Myers JN, Lippman SM, et al. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous carcinoma: association of Src activation with E-cadherin down-regulation, vimentin expression, and aggressive tumor features. Cancer 2008; 112:2088–2100
  7. Liu, L. K., Jiang, X. Y., Zhou, X. X., Wang, D. M., Song, X. L., & Jiang, H. B. (2010). Upregulation of vimentin and aberrant expression of E-cadherin/Β- catenin complex in oral squamous cell carcinomas: Correlation with the clinicopathological features and patient outcome. Modern Pathology.
  8. Liu, P. F., Kang, B. H., Wu, Y. M., Sun, J. H., Yen, L. M., Fu, T. Y.& Hsieh, I. C. (2017). Vimentin is a potential prognostic factor for tongue squamous cell carcinoma among five epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related proteins. PloS one, 12(6), e0178581.
  9. Lamouille S, Xu J, Derynck R. Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014;15(3):178–196.
  10. Lehembre, F., Yilmaz, M., Wicki, A., Schomber, T., Strittmatter, K., Ziegler, D., Christofori, G. (2008). NCAM-induced focal adhesion assembly: A functional switch upon loss of E-cadherin. EMBO Journal (2008) 27, 2603–261.
  11. Schreiber, R. D., Old, L. J., & Smyth, M. J. (2011). Cancer immunoediting: integrating immunity’s roles in cancer suppression and promotion. Science, 331(6024), 1565-1570.
  12. Frame, M. C., & Inman, G. J. (2008). NCAM Is at the Heart of Reciprocal Regulation of E-Cadherin- and Integrin-Mediated Adhesions via Signalling Modulation. Developmental Cell, 15(4), 494–496.
  13. Gabay, C., & Kushner, I. (1999). Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. New England journal of medicine, 340(6), 448-454.
  14. Zahorec, R. (2001). Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts-rapid and simple parameter of systemic inflammation and stress in critically ill. Bratislavske lekarske listy, 102(1), 5-14.
  15. Cespedes, M. A., Rodríguez, J. A., Medina, M., Bravo, M., &Cómbita, A. L. (2012). Analysis of NK cells in peripheral blood and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in cervical cancer patients. RevistaColombiana de Cancerología, 16(1), 16-26.
  16. Vural E, Hutcheson J, Korourian S, Kechelava S, Hanna E. Correlation of neural cell adhesion molecule with perineural spread of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 122:717-20.
  17. Cantoni, C., Huergo-Zapico, L., Parodi, M., Pedrazzi, M., Mingari, M. C., Moretta, A., ... & Castriconi, R. (2016). NK cells, tumor cell transition, and tumor progression in solid malignancies: new hints for NK-based immunotherapy. Journal of immunology research, 2016.
  18. Frame, M. C., & Inman, G. J. (2008). NCAM Is at the Heart of Reciprocal Regulation of E-Cadherin- and Integrin-Mediated Adhesions via Signalling Modulation. Developmental Cell, 15(4), 494–496.

Corresponding Author

Priyashi Rao

MSc. Student, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Ahmedabad

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.