Title: A Comparative Study on the Effect of Tobacco Smoke and Tobbaco Salivary Extract on Serum Lipid Profile
Authors: Manju Pandey, Shruti Satish Vadke, Gajraj Singh Yadav, D. D. Deol
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i7.143
Abstract
Background: Which form of tobacco use has more adverse effects on lipid profile?
Objective: To identify the effect of tobacco use as smoking or chewing is associated with greater adverse effects on various components of serum lipid profile.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 400 subjects (200 tobacco smoker & 200 tobacco chewer) admitted in wards and attending OPD under department of medicine, NIMS medical college & hospital Jaipur and 400 controls. S. Cholesterol by enzymatic end point CHOD/PAP method. S. Triglyceride by enzymatic glycerol phosphate oxidase/peroxidase method S. HDL by homogenous enzyme direct assay. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Ver. 20 (IBM SPSS Statistical Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). The independent t test and ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test were used for comparison of all clinical indicators. Chi – square test used for qualitative data whenever two or more than two groups were used to compare. Level of significance was set at P≤0.05.
Results: Mean value of TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, of tobacco smokers and tobacco chewers were found significantly higher (P<0.001) as compared to mean values of these parameters amongst non smokers, non chewers. The mean HDL amongst tobacco smokers was significantly lower as compared to controls.
Conclusion: Tobacco is the major preventable risk factor for atherosclerosis related clinical events like coronary artery disease. Cigarette smoking had greater adverse effects on the serum lipid profile as compared to bidi smoking and tobacco chewing thereby increasing the cardiovascular risk.
Keywords: Tobacco, Lipid profile, Cigarette smoke, Tobacco Chewing.
References
- Gokhle B G. Tobacco in seventeenth – century India. Agricultural history.1974. 48(4):484-492.
- Mohamed S, Ibrahim A, and Joyce Y.G. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical and Laboratory examination. Chapter 40 : Tobacco use. 3rd Boston: Butteworths:1990.
- Jha P, Chaloupka F J, Curbing the Epidemic Governments and the Economics of Tobacco control. Washington, D.C. A World Bank Publication;1995.
- Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in Adults ( Adults treatment panel III) JAMA . 2001; 285 (19):2486-97.
- Allain C C, Poon L S, Clen C S G, Richmond W, Fu P C. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin.Chem.1974.20:470-75.
- Fossati P, Prencipe L. Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. Clin Chem.1982. 28(10):2077-80.
- Finley P R, Schifman R B, Williums R J, Lichti D A. Cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein: use of Mg+ / dextran surface in its enzymatic measurement. Clin.Chem. 1978. 24(6):931-933.
- Friedwald W T. Levy R I, Fredrickson D S. Estimation of the concentration of low – density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracen-trifuge. Clin Chem.1972. 18:499-509.
- Teruo I. Cigarette smoking as risk factors of coronary artery disease and effects on platelets function. Tobacco Induced diseases.2004. 2(1):27-33.
- Huxley R, Woodward M. Cigarette smoking as a risk factors for coronary heart disease in women compared with men : a systemic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Lancet. 2011.378(9799):1297-1305.
- Prabha V, Waheeda S, Meriton S A.. Effect of tobacco smoking on lipid profile. Indian Journal of applied research, 2015. 5(3):562-564.
- Patel K, Prajapati P, Sanghavi S, Goplani V. A study on effects of cigarette smoking on blood cholesterol in young population of Ahmedabad. IJBAP. 2014.3(1):106-110.
- Sriniwas R and Emmanuel S Y. The effect of chronic Tobacco Smoking and Chewing on the profile. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013. 7(1):31-34.