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Category: Volume 06 Issue 06 June 2018
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Title: Circulating Cathodic Antigen Rapid Test in the Diagnosis of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Rice Farmers in Parts of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Authors: Awua, Yuana, Inabo, Helen Ileigo, Yakubu, Sabo Ezekiel, Okubanjo, Oluyinka Oluseyi

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i6.135

Abstract

Background: Schistosomiasis is the most prevalent among water-based parasitic infections which is caused by infection from the genus Schistosoma. Urinary schistosomiasis is a human disease which is caused by Schistosoma haematobium.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among randomly selected 600 rice farmers, comprising of 354 males and 246 females from Kaduna State, Nigeria. The point-of-care (POC) circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine test strip (Rapid Medical Diagnostics) was evaluated for the diagnosis of active Schistosoma haematobium infection while urine filtration technique using polycarbonate membrane filter (Sterlitech, Kent, WA, USA) was employed for microscopic processing of urine samples. Chi square (χ2) test was used to determine the association between variables and infection at 95% confidence interval at p = 0.05.

Results: A prevalence of 15.5% was recorded among rice farmers and had a statistically significant association with the detection of S. haematobium antigen (p < 0.05) in relation to the different locations studied. Microscopy revealed a prevalence of 0.83%. Age was significantly associated with urinary schistosomiasis (p < 0.05) using the CCA test strip, with those in age group 15-24 years having the highest prevalence of 27.5%. The sensitivity of CCA was 85% while the specificity was 93%. Marital status of rice farmers was significantly associated with S. haematobium antigen in urine (p < 0.05) with singles having the highest prevalence of 20.0%.

Conclusion: POC-CCA urine test in combination with microscopy can be helpful in rapidly detecting active infection in urine of rice farmers who are shedding or not shedding Schistosoma haematobium ova.

Keywords: Circulating cathodic antigen (CCA), Schistosoma haematobium, rice farmers, rapid test.

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Corresponding Author

Awua, Yuana

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

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