Title: To evaluate apoptotic and proliferative indices in premalignant and malignant squamous epithelial lesions of uterine cervix on light microscopy
Authors: Dr Shairoly Singh, Dr Ishan Arora, Dr Shireen Singh
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i6.88
Abstract
Introduction: The term apoptosis was first recognized in 1972 for its distinct morphology and named after the Greek term meaning “falling off”. Kerr, at University of Queensland was first to distinguish apoptosis (Greek: apo- from, ptosis – falling) from traumatic cell death and suggested the term apoptosis. Apoptosis is seen in various physiological and pathological conditions.
Material and Methods: Haematoxylin and Eosin stained sections were used for morphology of the lesion and for evaluation of apoptotic and mitotic counts. Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated as the number of apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies, expressed as a percentage of the total number of non- apoptotic tumor cells counted in each case.
Results: Premalignant cases formed 46.29 % and malignant cases were 53.7 % of all lesions. Out of total malignant lesions, majority (69%) were of KSCC, and (31%) were of NKSCC.
Discussion: In the present study, it was observed that there is an increase in mean AI, MI and TI with increasing grade of the lesion. AI, MI and TI progressively increased from CIN1 to CIN2 to CIN3 to SCC.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that this study is based purely on morphology as it is fairly reliable, easily practiced and inexpensive method for detection of both apoptosis and mitosis.
Keywords: Apoptosis, CIN, Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Apoptotic and Proliferative indices.
References
- Kerr JFR, Wyllie AH, Currier AR. Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wideranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 1972; 26: 239-57.
- Cellular responses to stress and toxic insult: adaptation, injury, and death. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster JC,editors. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease.8th Elsevier: Philadelphia, 2010:p.3-42.
- Mc Gill HC, Mc Mahan A, Malcom GT, Margarit C. Effects of Serum Lipoproteins and Smoking in Atherosclerosis in Young Men and Women. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 1997; 17: 95-106.
- Darzynkiewicz Z. Apoptosis in antitumour strategies: modulation of cell cycle or differentiation. J Cell Biochem 1995; 58: 151-9.
- Wajant H. Connection Map for Fas Signalling Pathway. Science 2002; 296(5573): 1635-6.
- Guimaraes MCM, Goncalves MA, Soares CP, Bettini SR, Duarle RA, Soares EG. Immunohistochemical Expression of p16INK 4a and bcl-2 According to HPV Type and to the Progression of Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion. J Histochem Cytochem 2005; 53: 509-
- Shanta V, Krishnamurthi S, Gajalakshmi CK, Swaminathan R, Ravichandran K. Epidemiology of cancer of the cervix: global and national perspective. J Indian Med Assoc. 2000; 98(2): 49-52.
- Mysorekar VV, David S, Rao SG. Proliferative and Apoptotic Indices in Squamous Epithelial Lesions of the Cervix. Bahrain Medical Bulletin 2008; 30(4).
- Sagol O, Yorukoglu Y, Sagol S, Koyuncuoglu M, Uslu T. Apoptotic and Mitotic Index in Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Premalignant Lesions of the uterine cervix. International Journal of Surgical Pathology 1999; 7(3): 155-60.
- Dey P, Das R, Sabuddin. Correlations between apoptotic and proliferative indices in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2000; 43(3): 271-5.