Title: Ultrasonographic estimation of fetal gestational age by bi-parietal diameter - A cross-sectional study in an urban area of Bangladesh

Authors: Dr Aysha Sultana, Dr M. Lutfor Rahman

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i4.187

Abstract

Antenatal ultrasound scanning is widely used and accepted technique to monitor fetal well-being and growth. It also helps to estimate fetal gestational age (GA) and predict expected date of delivery (EDD). Accurate estimation of GA in pregnancy is an important component of the antenatal obstetrical care. This study intends to estimate GA in second and third trimesters with the help of ultrasonographic measurements of one of the essential fetal parameter namely, the bi-parietal diameter (BPD) in the population of Bangladesh living in Dhaka city. A total of 103 healthy pregnant females were investigated with the known last menstrual period. GA is determined by measurement of fetal BPD with real time ultrasonography using Hadlock method[1-2]. There is linear relationship between GA and BPD and therefore, linear models for GA by last menstrual period (LMP) and GA by ultrasonographic measurements have been fitted by taking BPD as sole explanatory variable. Apparently, there was no violation of model assumptions during the linear model fitting process.

Keywords: Antenatal, Ultrasonography, Bi-parietal diameter (BPD), Gestational Age (GA),   Expected date of delivery (EDD).

References

  1. Callen PW. Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Elsevier Health Sciences. (2011).
  2. AIUM practice guideline for the performance of obstetric ultrasound examinations. J Ultrasound Med. 2013;32 (6): 1083-1101.
  3. Campbell S, Warsof SL, Little D. Routine ultrasound screening for the prediction of gestational age. Obstet Gynecol. 1985;65 (5): 613-620.
  4. Salomon LJ, Alfirevic Z, Berghella V. Practice guidelines for performance of the routine mid-trimester fetal ultrasound scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;37 (1): 116-126.
  5. Crowther CA, Kornman L, Callaghan SO', George K, Furness M, Willson K. Is an Ultrasound Assessment of Gestational Age at the First Antenatal Visit of Value? A Randomised Clinical Trial .Br J Obstet Gynaecol 106 (12), 1273-1279. 12 1999.
  6. Machado LS, Vaclavinkova V, Gibbs H. Evaluation of applicapability of standard growth curve to healthy Omani women by fetal biometry at selected gestational ages. SQU J Sci Res Med Sci 2000;2:97-104.
  7. Benson CB, Doubilet PM. Sonographic prediction of gestational age: Accuracy of second-and third-trimester fetal measurements.AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991;157:1275-1277.
  8. Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Harrist RB, Park SK. Estimating fetal age: Computer-assisted analysis of multiple fetal growth parameters. Radiology 1984;152:497-501
  9. Rashid SQ, Accuracy of Sonographic Fetal Weight Estimation in Bangladesh, Journal of Medical Ultrasound, Volume 23, Issue 2, June 2015, Pages 82–85
  10. Pratima J, William F. M, Sanjay J, Chowdhary D S, Assessment of fetal gestational age by ultrasonic measurement of bi-parietal diameter in the southern part of Rajasthan, Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University, Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2015, pp. 27-30.
  11. Ashrafunnessa, Jehan A U, Chowdhury S B, Sultana F, Uaque J A, Khatun S, Karim M A, Construction of Fetal Charts for Biparietal Diameter, Fetal Abdominal  Circumference and Femur Length in Bangladeshi Population, Bangladesh Med. Res. Counc. Bull. 2003; 29(2): 67-77.
  12. Vaidya PR, Rao GS, Medhekar, Shah SC. Ultrasonic biparietal diameter in Indian women. ObstetGynecol India.1986; 36:781-783.
  13. Buckshee K, Arora V, Hingorani V. Evaluation of fetal development by real time sonar cephalometry in Indian pregnant women. J Obstet Gynecol India 1983;33:284-288.
  14. Campbell S. The prediction of fetal maturity by ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameter. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Common w 1969;76:603-609.
  15. Rajan R, Girija B, Vasantha R. Ultrasound fetal growth parameters. J Obstet Gynecol India 1991;41:139-145.
  16. Raval M, Naik A, Khandeparker S. Measurement of fetal biparietal diameter by ultrasonography. J Obstet Gyncol India 1986;36:223.
  17. Yagel S, Adoni A, Oman S, Wax Y, Hochner-Celnikier D. A statistical examination of the accuracy of combining femoral length and biparietal diameter as an index of fetal gestationalage. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1986;93:109-115.
  18. Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Carpenter RJ, Park SK. Estimating fetal age: Effect of head shape on BPD. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1981;137:83-85.

Corresponding Author

Dr Aysha Sultana

M Phil Researcher, Bangladesh University of Professionals and Senior Lecturer,

Department of Medical Ultrasound, State University of Bangladesh