Details
Category: Volume 06 Issue 04 April 2018
Hits: 3708

Title: A Study of Incidence of Accessory Mental Foramen in Dry Human Mandibles of Rajasthan State

Authors: Nand Lal, Sakshi Mathur, Puneet Joshi

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i4.172

Abstract

Introduction: Accessory Mental Foramen (AMF) is an additional Mental Foramen (MF) situated nearby the regular MF and usually placed posterior to the MF. It is a rare anatomical variation in human mandibles. The incidence of accessory mental foramen depends on age, sex, Race, ethnicity, population. Its position, number and distance from usual mental foramen and the surrounding bony landmarks are highly variable. The accessory branch of the mental nerve passes through it. AMF may be one of the factors implicated in regional anaesthesia failure.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of the accessory mental foramen, which is occasionally traced additional to the main mental foramen in the population of Rajasthan State.  

Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using 50 dried human mandibles of unknown age & sex for analysing the incidence and morphological details of accessory mental foramen.

Results: 4 out of 50 (8 %) mandibles had Accessory Mental Foramen (AMF). Three specimens had unilateral AMF and one specimen had bilateral AMF. Shape of all AMF was circular with smooth margin.

Conclusion: The anatomical knowledge about existence of accessory mental foramen may be helpful to dental surgeons to avoid injury to neurovascular bundle during surgical procedures involving mandibular region. The detection of AMFs may reduce the rates of postoperative pain and paraesthesia in surgical procedures.

Keywords: Accessory mental foramen, Incidence, Mandible, Mental foramen.

References

  1. Udhaya K, Saraladevi KV and Sridhar J. The Morphometric Analysis of the Mental Foramen in Adult Dry Human Mandibles: A Study on the South Indian Population. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2013 Aug; 7(8):1547-1551.
  2. Igbigbi PS and Lebona S. The position and dimensions of the mental foramen in adult Malawian mandibles. West African Journal of Medicine 2005;24:184-89.
  3. Williams P L,Bannister LH,Berry MM.,Collins P,Dyson M,Dussek, E. Grays anatomy: The anatomical basis of medicine and surgery.38th Ed Newyork, Churchill Livingston;2000
  4. Agarwal DR and Gupta SB. Morphometric analysis of mental foramen in human mandibles of South Gujarat. People’s Journal of Scientific Research 2011;4(1):15-18.
  5. Singh R and Srivastav AK. Study of position, shape, size and incidence of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in Indian adult human skulls. Int J Morphol 2010;28(4):1141–1146.
  6. Sinnathamby CS. Last’s Anatomy: Regional and Applied. 10th Edn.; Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 1999;506.
  7. Virendra B, Rakhi R, Rekha L, et al. Study of position, shape and size of mental foramen utilizing various parameters in dry adult human mandibles from North India. Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Anatomy Volume 2013, Article ID 961429, 5 pages.
  8. Santini A and Land M. A comparison of the position of mental foramen in Chinese and British mandibles. Acta Anat (Basel) 1990;137:208-212.
  9. Zivanović S. Some morphological characters of the East African Mandible. Acta Anatomica 1970;77(1):109–119.
  10. Sawyer DR, Kiely ML and Pyle MA. The frequency of accessory mental foramina in four ethnic groups. Archives of Oral Biology, 1998;43(5):417–420.
  11. Defreitas V, Mdeira MC, Tsledofilhs JL, et al. Absence of the mental foramen in dry human mandible. Acta Anatomica, 1979;104(3):353–355.
  12. Hasan T. Characteristics of the mental foramen in different populations. The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology, 2010;4(2):1-7.
  13. Agthong S, Huanmanop T and Chentanez V. Anatomical variations of the supraorbital, infraorbital and mental foramina related to gender and side. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2005;63(6):800–804.
  14. Prabodra LBL and Nanayakkara BG. The position, dimension and morphological variations of mental foramen in mandibles. Galle Medical Journal, 2006;11(1):13–15.
  15. Md Mesbahul H, Shamim A, Shahanaz Begum, et al. Study of number, shape, size and position of mental foramen in Bangladeshi Dry Adult Human Mandible. Bangladesh J Anat 2013;11(1):7-10.
  16. Oliveira JEM, Araujo ALD, Dasilva CMF, et al. Morphological and morphometric study of the mental foramen on the MCP- 18 Jiachenjiang point. Int J Morphol 2009;27(1):231-238.
  17. Alma Voljevica, Elvira Talovic and Aida Hasanovic. Morphological and morphometric analysis of the shape, position, number and size of mental foramen on human mandibles. Acta Medica Academica 2015;44:31-38.
  18. Wang TM, Shih C, Liu JC, et al. A clinical and anatomical study of the location of the mental foramen in adult Chinese mandibles. Acta Anat 1986;126(1):29-33.
  19. Oguz O and Bozkir MG. Evaluation of location of mandibular and mental foramina in dry, young, adult human male, dentulous mandibles. West Indian Med J 2002;51:14-16.
  20. Cagirankaya LB and Kansu H. An accessory mental foramen: a case report. J Contemp Dent Pract, 2008;9:98-104.
  21. Nandakumar and Thenmozhi. A study of incidence of accessory mental foramen in South Indian mandibles. J Pharm Sci and Res 2015;7(7):445-447.
  22. Gershenson A, Nathan H and Luchansky E. Mental foramen and mental nerve: changes with age. Acta Anatomica 1986;126(1):21-28.
  23. Zhang L, Zheng Q, Zhou X, et al. (2015). Anatomic relationship between Mental Foramen and Peripheral Structures observed by one-Beam Computed Tomography. Anat Physiol 5:182.doi:10.4172/2161-0940.1000182.
  24. Serman NJ. The mandibular incisive foramen. Journal of Anatomy, 1989;167:195–198.
  25. Guo JL, Su L, Zhao JL, Yang L, Liang D, Li Y, et al. Location of mental foramen based on soft- and hard tissue landmarks in a Chinese population. J Craniofac Surg. 2009; 20(6):2235-7.
  26. Kalender A, Orhan K, Aksoy U. Evaluation of the mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in Turkish patients using cone-beam computed tomography images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program. Clin Anat. 2012;25(5):584-92.

Corresponding Author

Sakshi Mathur

Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Anatomy,

S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, India