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Category: Volume 06 Issue 04 April 2018
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Title: Seropositivity of HBsAg and HCV among blood donors at the blood bank of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India

Authors: Dr Mamta Gupta, Dr Pankaj Gupta, Dr Arjun Singh, Dr Arun Saxena, Dr Madhurendra Rajput, Dr Irfan Parvez Qureshi

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i4.88

Abstract

Background: Safe blood transfusion is of utmost importance as an unsafe blood transfusion bears lot of burden on human life and economy. Transfusion-transmissible infectious agents such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis are among the greatest threats to blood safety for the recipient. To assess the magnitude and dynamics of disease transmission and for its prevention and control, the study of its seroprevalence is important. O The present study was carried out with an aim to assess the trend and seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors at our blood bank.

Materials & Methods: All voluntary donors reporting to the blood bank were screened for HBsAg, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), HIV and Syphilis by using the appropriate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was tested for surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV by the immunechromatographic method. The study was designed for duration of one year between January 2017 to December 2017. Medical reports of the donors were accessed from the hospital records and analyzed.

Results: A total of 2471 blood donors were screened during a period of 1.5 years (January 2017 to Dec 2017) at blood bank of our hospital. Among them, 882 (35.7%) were voluntary and 1589 (64.3%) were replacement donors. The overall seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was 28 (1.13%) and 5 (0.20%) respectively. The percentage of HBs Ag seropositivity was 1.2% (25/2091) in males and 0.79% (3/380) in females. The highest prevalence of HBs Ag seropositive 15 /28 (53.57%) was within the age group 18-30 years, followed by 11 (39.29%) within the age group 31-40 years. The percentage of anti-HCV seropositivity was 0.19% (4/2091) in males and 0.26% (1/380) in females.

Conclusion: Voluntary blood donation and diligent donor selection are important to increase blood safety and avoid transmission of infectious diseases through blood transfusion. Strict measures in donor screening including better donor recruitment, promoting voluntary blood donation, screening of blood and blood products using high sensitivity serological assays, other infectious diseases markers would considerably improve the current screening procedure for blood donation and enhance the safety of the blood intended for transfusion.

Keywords: Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBs Ag), Anti-HCV, Seroprevalence, Transfusion transmitted infections, Blood donors.

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Corresponding Author

Dr Pankaj Gupta

Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Index Medical College Hospital & Research Centre,

Index City, Nemawar Road, NH-59A, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452016

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