Title: Determination of Base Line Widal Titre value among the Healthy Individuals of Pondicherry, India
Authors: Dr Revathy N, Dr Swapna M, Dr Vinod R, Dr Umarani M
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i4.19
Abstract
Background: Dense population and poor sanitation makes enteric fever is a endemic disease in developing countries like India. Widal agglutination test is the popular test and it remains a cornerstone in diagnosing enteric fever. In endemic regions the normal healthy individual contains antibodies which will react with variable titre in the Widal test, due to a past exposure and give false positive results. Determining the base line titre value is very important and the present study aim to determine the average baseline titre of the apparently healthy population in the region of Pondicherry, India.
Materials & Methods: Blood samples were collected from healthy individuals (n=500) and analysed for the presence of antibodies using Widal test.
Results: Out of 152 sera which showed positive to S.typhi ‘O’ agglutinins, titre of >1:20 was seen in 22(4.4%) sera, a titre of 1:40 was seen in 128(25.6%), titre of 1:80 was seen in 2(0.4%). Amongst 164 sera positive for S.typhi ‘H’ agglutinins, 14 (2.8%) showed agglutination up to 1in 20 titre, 37 (7.4%) up to 1in 40 and 113 (22.6%) up to 1in 80. The agglutinating titre of 1:40 for the AH titre against Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A was seen in 8(1.6%) samples, a titre of 1:40 was seen in 4(0.8%) samples. Among 9 samples 5 (1.0%) samples were positive for anti ‘BH’ of Salmonella serotype Paratyphi B in the titre of 1in 20 and 4 (0.8%) samples were in 1 in 40 titre.
Keywords: Widal test, enteric fever, pondicherry
References
- Chowta M, Chowta N. Study of Clinical Profile and Antibiotic Response in Typhoid Fever. Indian J Med Microbiol [Internet]. 2005 Apr 1;23(2):125–7. Available from: http://www.ijmm.org/article.asp?issn=0255-0857
- C IA, O OI, U OA, T BE, A OB. Baseline Salmonella agglutinin titres in apparently healthy freshmen in Awka, South Eastern, Nigeria. Sci Res Essay [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2018 Feb 6];3(9):425–30. Available from: http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE
- Saha AK, Hassan MK, Kundu LC, Saha SK, Begum P. Study of Clinical Profile and Antibiotic Response in Typhoid Fever at Faridpur Medical College Hospital. Faridpur Med Coll J [Internet]. 2017 Aug 10 [cited 2018 Feb 6];12(1):2. Available from: http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/FMCJ/article/view/33455
- Pal S, Prakash R, Juyal D, Sharma N, Rana A, Negi S. The Baseline Widal Titre Among the Healthy Individuals of the Hilly Areas in the Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand, India. Vol. 7, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR. Delhi, India; 2013. p. 437–40.
- Pokhrel BM, Karmacharya R, Mishra SK, Koirala J. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials Distribution of antibody titer against Salmonella enterica among healthy individuals in nepal. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2018 Feb 6];8(1). Available from: https://ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1476-0711-8-1?site=ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com
- Patil AM, Kulkarni ML, Kulkarni AM. Baseline Widal titres in healthy children. Indian J Pediatr. India; 2007 Dec;74(12):1081–3.
- Kogekar S, Peshattiwar P, Jain K, Rajput M, Shahi PK. Study of baseline Widal titre amongst healthy individuals in and around Indore, India. IntJCurrMicrobiolAppSci [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2018 Feb 6];4(7):775–8. Available from: https://www.ijcmas.com/vol-4-7/Shrikant Kogekar, et al.pdf
- John J, Van Aart CJ, Grassly NC. The burden of typhoid and paratyphoid in India: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(4):e0004616.
- Aruna Kumari C, Rajasekhar K, Kirani S, Murthy DS. Study of Baseline Titres for Widal test among Population in Kakinada Region of AP. J Med Sci Clin Res [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2018 Feb 24];6(2):693–8. Available from: http://jmscr.igmpublication.org/v6-i2/107 jmscr.pdf