Details
Category: Volume 06 Issue 02 February 2018
Hits: 1479

Title: Hematological Changes Induced by Cigarette Smoking

Authors: Dr (Col) Sunil Arora, Dr Komal Yadav, Dr Neelaksh Kaul

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i2.162

Abstract

Introduction: Smoking is an important preventable cause of mortality worldwide. The prevalence of pulmonary and cardiovascular disease, cataracts and some cancers is higher in smokers than in non smokers. About 1.3 billion people are regular smokers worldwide and every day 8,000 to 10,000 young people start to smoke, risking rapid addiction to nicotine. The aim of this study was to examine haematological changes associated with smoking to create awareness in public and plan launching anti-smoking campaigns.

Materials and Methods: A total of 80 healthy volunteer  male subjects out of which 40 smokers and 40 non- smokers; The smokers with the history of smoking for at least five years having age’s between 20-60 years, coming to SGT Medical College .A careful history and medical examination was done. The subjects practicing vigorous exercise and those working in such industries or in atmosphere where the chance of dust and fumes present were excluded from the study. All the selected subjects fulfilled the criteria of no respiratory tract infection during previous 3 months and were quite healthy at the time of test. They were asked about the number of cigarettes smoked per day and duration. After taking sample, Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC),WBC count, RBC count and platelet count levels were determined by Sysmex XN-550  blood cell counter.

Results: The highest  percentage of smokers on basis of number of cigarettes smoked per day were 45% (1-5 cigarettes/day) and showed a significant increased in Hb, PCV, MCV ,MCHC and blood cell counts in smokers as compared to non smokers but no significance difference related to number of cigarettes smoked per day.

Conclusion: The present study confirms the results from previous studies, which also highlighted the destructive and oxidative effects of cigarette smoke and its harmful effects on smokers and non- smokers alike.

References

  1. Nicholl ID, Bucala R. Advanced glycation endproduct and cigarette smoking. Cell Mol Biol 1998;44:1025-33.
  2. Marangon k, Herbeth B, Lecomte E. Diet, oxidant status and smoking habits in French men. Am J Cli n Nutr 1998; 67:231-9.
  3. Lykkesfeldt J, Loft S, Nielsen JB, Poulsen HE. Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid as biomarkers of oxidative stress caused by smoking. Am j Clin Nutr 1997;65:959-63.
  4. Howard G, Wagenknecht LE, Burke GL, et al. Cigarette smoking and progession of atherosclerosis: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (AIRC) Study. JAMA 1998;279:119-24.
  5. Duthie GG, Arthur JR, Beattie JA, et al. Cigarette smoking, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and coronary heart diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 1993;686:12-28.
  6. Shafquat Rozi, Zahid A Butt, Saeed Akhtar. Correlates of smoking among male college students in Karachi, Pakistan. BMC Public Health 2007, 7:312.
  7. Lesser MD and David U. Smoking and Mental health .JAMA 2001; 12:612-616.
  8. Pooja Naik, Luca Cucullo (2015). Pathobiology of tobacco smoking and neurovascular disorders: untied strings and alternative products Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 309(12): L1398–L1409. PMCID:PMC4628383
  9. Jena SK, Purohit KC, Misra AK (2013). Effect of Chrnoic Smoking on Hematological Parameteres. Int. J. Cur. Res. 5(2):279–82.
  10. Johnson MD, Schilz J, Djordjevic MV, Rice JR, Shields PG (2009). Evaluation of In Vitro Assays For Assessing the Toxicity of Cigarette Smoke and Smokeless Tobacco - Clin. Chest Med. 18(12):3263-304. PMC 2013 Dec 16. PMID:19959677.
  11. A. Leifert, International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. Anemia and cigarette smoking 2008 30; 177-184.
  12. Haufroid V, Hotz P, Carbonnelle P, Lauwerys RJ (1997). Relationships between smoking habits, smoking-associated haematological changes, and urinary benzene metabolites. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 52(1):1-17.PMID: 9269319
  13. Blumenthal I. Carbon monoxide poisoning. J R Soc Med 2001; 94:270-72.
  14. Kondo H, Kusaka Y, Morimoto K, Sangyo Igaku (1993). Effects of lifestyle on hematologic parameters; I. Analysis of hematologic data in association with smoking habit and age]. 35(2):98-104.PMID:8510349
  15. Hassan A ,Almarshad, Fathelrahman M, M.Hassan. The hemorheological properties of blood among Saudi male smokers in Sakaka City, Alijouf, Saudi Arabia. South Asian Journal of Family Medicine 2012; 3: 14-17.
  16. Jayballah kumar, Gaurav kumar, Abhishek sarma, Farhan Ahmed Khan, Sanjeev Sharma. The Effects of Smoking on the Blood Parameters of Young Adults. Journal of clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2013;6:1244-1247.
  17. J Salamzadeh. The hematologic effects of cigarette smoking in healthy men volunteers Aeticle 2004; 3: 41-4.
  18. Butkiewicz AM, Kemona H, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Matowicka-Karna J, Radziwon P, Lipska A (2006). Thromb Res. Does smoking affect thrombocytopoiesis and platelet activation in women and men?. 118(2):199-204. PMID: 16139337

Corresponding Author

Dr Komal Yadav

Department of Pathology, SGT University, Gurugram India

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Phone no: 08826235558