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Category: Volume 06 Issue 02 February 2018
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Title: Profile and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates - A Retrospective Institutional Study

Authors: Pushpa Kizhakkekarammel, Kalpana George

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i2.102

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is a growing problem though not a new phenomenon nor unexpected, especially in an environment where potent antibiotics are used very frequently. The drug resistant strains can spread rapidly in hospital settings, especially if the infection control measures are not strictly implemented and followed.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on the profile and susceptibility pattern of Gram negative bacterial isolates obtained from various clinical specimens over a period of 8 years (1999-2007).  The data was collected from the laboratory records. Study period was divided into2 – Period A (1999-2004) and Period B (2005-2007). The profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Gram negative bacteria from each period was compared.

Results:  E.coli and Klebsiella species, the first and second commonest urine isolates  , showed significant increase in resistance to 1st & 2nd generation Cephalosporins and quinolones (p value <0.05).  Blood isolates of E.coli & Klebsiela showed significant increase in resistance to quinolones & 3rd generation Cephalosporins and a decrease in resistance to aminoglycosides. For Pseudomonas species, significant increase in resistance to Amikacin, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin and a decrease in resistance to Ceftazidime was documented between the two study periods. Overall, there is an increase in MDR GNB isolates from all groups of specimens.

Conclusion: High resistance documented to commonly used Cephalosporins, Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime for most Gram negative bacteria isolated from different sites and an increase in the rate of isolation of multi drug resistant strains.

Keywords: Gram negative bacteria/ Drug susceptibility/ Drug resistance.

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Corresponding Author

Pushpa Kizhakkekarammel

Department of Microbiology,

Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala