Title: A Study to Determine the Clinico-Etiological Factors in Eye Lid Dermatitis
Authors: Dr Mohitpreet Kaur, Dr Ghanshyam Verma, Dr Ajeet Negi, Dr G.R.Tegta, Dr Vinay Shanker
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i6.218
Abstract
Aim: To find out clinico-etiological factors in eye lid dermatitis.
Material methods: The present study included all patients with clinical diagnosis of eyelid dermatitis attending dermatology outpatient’s department at Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla over a period of one year. Sixty five consecutive patients of eyelid dermatitis and were patch tested and the data was analysed. Indian cosmetic and fragrance series with forty four allergens approved by Contact and Occupational Forum of India (CODFI) was used for patch test. In addition, suspected personal cosmetics in appropriate dilution and base and eye medications were used as such for patch test.
Results: There was female predominance with 39 (60%) female and 26 (40%) male patients. Majority of the patients i.e. 28 (43.08%) were young adults in the age group of 11 to 30 years. Most of the patients 47 (72.31%) belonged to urban area and 18(27.69%) were from rural background. Ten patients (15.38%) had atopic diathesis. Patch test positivity was seen in 51 (78.46%) patients. Patch test sensitivity was observed for one antigen in 38.46%, two antigens in 30.77% and three or more antigens in 9.23% patients respectively. Nickel sulphate sensitivity was seen in 12 (18.46%) patients followed by paraphenylene diamine in 10(15.38%) patients, balsam of peru in 8 (12.30%)patients, fragrance mix in 7 (10.77%) patients, cetramide and thiomersal in 5 (7.69%) patients each, cobalt chloride and neomycin in 4 patients (6.15%), colophony and paraben mix in 3 each(4.61%) patients, gallate mix, gentamycin, potassium dichromate, benzyl salicylate in 2 each (3.08%) patients, musk mix, parthenium, hexamethylene tetramine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoleate, rose oil Bulgarian, jasmine absolute, wool alcohol in 1 (1.54%) patient each.
Conclusions: Though contact dermatitis is the commonest cause of eyelid dermatitis, other conditions like seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis, dermatomyositis, rosacea, infections, infestations, urticaria etc should always be borne in mind. The main challenge is to identify the allergens since a number of cosmetics are being used by the patient serially or simultaneously. The use of cosmetics is a long standing practice that extends worldwide and virtually reaches one and all and the trend is only growing, so the problem of eyelid dermatitis needs proper addressal.
Keywords: Eye lid dermatitis, allergic contact, patch test, cosmetics.
References
1. 1. Guin JD. Eyelid dermatitis: a report of 203 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 47:755-65.
2. Amin KA, Belsito DV. The aetiology of eyelid dermatitis: a 10-year retrospective analysis. Contact Dermatitis 2006; 55:280-85.
3. Ayala F, Fabbrocini G, Bacchilega R, Caraffini S, Flori ML, Francalanci S, et al. Eyelid dermatitis: an evaluation of 447 Patients. Am J Contact Dermatol 2003; 14:69-74.
4. Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C. Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology. 8th ed: Oxford; Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2010. 26.1-26.106.
5. Bloch B. The role of idiosyncrasy and allergy in dermatology. Arch Dermatol Syphilis 1929; 19: 175-97.
6. Nethercott JR, Nield G, Holness DL. A review of 79 cases of eyelid dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 21:223-30.
7. Valsecchi R, Imberti G, Martino D, Cainelli T. Eyelid dermatitis: an evaluation of 150 patients. Contact Dermatitis 1992; 27:143-47.
8. Shah M, Lewis FM, Gawkrodger DJ. Facial dermatitis and eyelid dermatitis: a comparison of patch test results and final diagnoses. Contact Dermatitis 1996; 34:140-41.
9. Borrie P. Eczema of the eyelids. Br J Ophthalmol 1956;40:742-50.
10. Kaalund-Jorgensen O. Eczema perioculare (dermatitis of the eyelids) Acta Derm Venereol 1951; 31:83-90.
11. Goosens A. Contact allergic reations on the eyes and eyelids. Bull. Soc. belge Opthalmol 2004; 292:11-17.
12. Rietschel RL, Warshaw EM, Sasseville D, Fowler JF, DeLeo VA, Belsito DV, et al. Common contact allergens associated with eyelid dermatitis. Dermatitis 2007; 18:78-81.
13. Feser A, Plaza T, Vogelgsang L, Mahler V. Periorbital dermatitis- a recalcitrant disease: causes and differential diagnoses. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159: 858-63.
14. Cooper SM, Shaw S. Eyelid dermatitis: an evaluation of 232 patch test patients over 5 years. Contact Dermatitis 2000; 42:291-93.
15. Herro EM, Elsaie ML, Nijhawan RI, Jacob SE. Recommendations for a Screening Series for Allergic Contact Eyelid Dermatitis. Dermatitis 2012; 23:17-21.
16. Wenk KS, Ehrlich A. Fragrance series testing in eyelid dermatitis. Dermatitis 2012; 23:22-26.
17. Besra L, Jaisankar TJ, Thappa DM, Malathi M, Kumari R. Spectrum of periorbital dermatosis in South Indian population. Indian J Dermatol, Venerol and Leprol. 2013; 79:399-407.
18. Penchalaiah K, Handa S, Lakshmi SB, Sharma VK, Kumar B. Sensitizers commonly causing allergic contact dermatitis from cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis 2000; 43: 311.