Title: Epidemiological Analysis and Clinical Characteristics of Traumatic Brain Injury in Southern Rajasthan: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Govind Mangal, Uday Bhaumik
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.218
Abstract
Background: Traumatic Brain Injury, also known as intracranial injury is a significant public health problem and also a major leading cause of disability and mortality in all regions of the globe despite advancement in prevention and treatments.
Aims: To describe and evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Traumatic Brain Injury patients and their clinical outcomes
Methodology: A hospital based Retrospective, cross-sectional study analysis of 900 patients diagnosed with Traumatic Brain Injury admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur from 1st November 2015 - 31st October 2016. Review of medical records of patients was done and data was collected according age, sex, mechanism of injury, severity of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Glasgow Coma Outcome (GOS) score, Computed Tomography (CT) scan results, modality of management and type of surgical intervention and outcome. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: Among the study subjects of 900 patients of TBI, majority were in age group of 20-29 (36.33%) years followed by 30-39 (26.11%) years and average (median) age of patients found to be 31 years. The most common mechanism of injury was road traffic accidents 70%. Clinical examination revealed that as a sign and symptom, 90.22% patients experienced loss of consciousness and 42.22% had one or more episodes of vomiting and 14.22% had abnormal motor response followed by 13.11% with abnormal pupils. Contusions (44.44%) and fractures (36.22%) were the most common findings revealed by CT scan. Thus CT scan revealed abnormal finding in about 86% patients and out of these patients 28% patients undergone for surgery and remaining was treated conservatively. In our study, patients were classified by GCS as mild TBI in 47.11%, moderate in 36.89% and severe in 16% patients. The overall mortality was 9%. In a 6 month follow-up, 3% patients were persistently vegetative, 1.78% was severely disabled and 1.22% was moderately disabled. Good recovery was seen in 85% patients.
Conclusion: In India, status of TBI suffers from several gaps which need to be bridged through implementing more basic, epidemiological, clinical and translational research in this field in the future.
Keywords: TBI, Epidemiology, Clinical, Glasgow Outcome Scale, Mortality.
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