Title: Study of Incidence of Rota Virus in Children under 5 Years of Age with Acute Diarrhoea with Special Reference to Characterization of Rota Virus

Authors: Subha.K, Selvi.R, Balaji A.V.M, Dheepa.D

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.211

Abstract

Back Ground: Diarrhoea is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Rotavirus disease is the single most important cause of severe gastroenteritis in children throughout the world. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence of Rotavirus in diarrheal cases of children under 5 years of age and characterize rota virus strains circulating in the community.

Materials and Methods: A total of 150 children under 5 years of age suffering from acute diarrhoea and 50 controls without diarrhoea were included in the present study. Rota virus was identified from all stool samples with commercially available ELISA kit detecting group specific VP6 antigen for rota virus. ELISA positive samples were subjected for characterization by RNA extraction and Reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Results:  Rota virus was seen significantly in children with diarrhoea. Rota virus incidence was found to be 16% among children under five years of age with diarrhoea. The genotype combination of rota virus identified were common type G1P[8],G2P[4] and uncommon type G10P[untypeable].

Conclusion: Continuous and prospective monitoring of circulating strains is necessary to detect any change in the distribution of rotavirus strains which would influence the vaccine based preventive strategies in India.

Keywords: Acute diarrhoea, Rota virus, ELISA, Genotyping.

References

1.      A.K. Siddique et al ; Epidemiology of Rotavirus and Cholera in Children Aged Less Than Five Years in Rural Bangladesh;  J HEALTH POPUL NUTR 2011 Feb;29(1):1-8

2.      Ali M.Kheyami et al ; Rota virus infection in Saudi Arabia;Ann Saudi Med 26(3);May-June 2006.

3.      Buesa J et al ;  VP7 and VP4 genotypes among rotavirus strains recovered from children with gastroenteritis over a 3-year period in Valencia, Spain; Eur J Epidemiol. 2000 Jun;16(6):501-6.

4.      Communicable diseases: infections through the gastro-intestinal tract. Chapter In: Gilles H, Lucas A, eds. Short textbook of public health medicine for the tropics, 4th ed. London, odder,2003.

5.      Dunn S J et al ;serotype and genotypic characterization of human serotype 10 rotavirus from asymptomatic neonates;J clin Microbiol 1993;31:165-9

6.      Foster et al ; Hospital based surveillance to estimate the burden of rptavirus gastroenteritis among European children younger than 5 years of age;Pediatrics 2009;123:e393-e400.

7.      Gagandeep  Kang et al;Quantitation of Group A Rotavirus by Real Time Reverse Trancription Polymerase Chain Reaction; J Med Virol.2004;73(1):118-122]

8.      Gentsch et al ; Review of G and P Typing Results from a Global Collection of Rota virus Strains: Implications for Vaccine Development; The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1996; 174(8uppl 1):830-6

9.      John Albert, A.S.G Faruque, S.M. Faruque et al., Case control study of Enteropat-hogens associated with childhood diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J of Clin Microbiol, Nov. 1999, p. 3458-3464.

10.  Jones, G., Schultink, W. & Babille, M. (2006). Child survival in India. Indian J Pediatr 73, 479–487

11.  Khitam Muhsen etal; Incidence, Characteristics, and Economic Burden of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Associated with Hospitalization of Israeli Children under 5 Years of Age,2007–2008; JID 2009:200 (Suppl 1)]

12.  Khuri-Bulos N, Al Khatib M. Importance of rotavirus as a cause of gastroenteritis in Jordan: hospital based study. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2006, 38(8):639–644.

13.  Kosek et al. The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000, Bull WHO 2003;197-204

14.  M.Aminu et al;Epidemiology of Rota virus and Astro virus infections in children in Northwestern Nigeria;Annals of African medicine;vol.7;No.4;2008:168-174.

15.  Malek MA et al; The epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea in countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region; J infect dis.2010 sep 1;202 suppl:S12-22

16.  Moyo et al; Prevalence of enteropath-ogenic viruses and molecular characterization of group A rota virus among children with  diarrhea in Dar es Salaam Tanzania; BMC public health 2007;7:359.

17.  N.A.Cunliffe et al ;Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea in Africa: a review to assess the need for rotavirus immune-zation; Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1998, 76 (5): 525-537

18.  P.saravanan et al; Rota virus infection among infants nd young children in chennai,south India;Indian journal of Medical Microbiology,2004;22(4):212-221

19.  Parashar UD et al ;Rotavirus and severe childhood diarrhoea;Emerg infect dis 2006;12:304-306

20.  Parashar UD, Hummelman EG, Bresee JS, Miller MA, Glass RI. Global  llness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:565–72

21.  Park K.Acute Diarrhea Diseases, in:Park K,editor.Parks textbook of preventive and social medicine,18th ed.Jabalpur: Banarasidas Bhanot;2005:171-174

22.  PenelopeH.2005.acute diarrheal disease in children:epidemiology,prevention and treatment. Infec Dis Clin N Am 585-602.

23.  Ryuichi Uchida et al; Molecular Epidemi-ology of Rotavirus Diarrhea among Children  and Adults in Nepal: Detection of G12 Strains with P[6] or P[8] and a G11P[25] Strain; Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, Oct. 2006, p. 3499–3505 Vol. 44, No. 10]

24.  S. S. R. Ajjampur et al; Closing the diarrhoea diagnostic gap in Indian children by the application of molecular techniques; Journal of Medical Microbiology (2008), 57, 1364–1368

25.  Sethi SK et al Acute diarrhoea and rotavirus infections in young children in Kuwait. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 1984, 4:117–121.

26.  Shukry S et al. Detection of enteropathogens in fatal and potentially fatal diarrhea in Cairo, Egypt. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1986, 24:959–962.

27.  Sukumaran M et al  ;Exclusive asymptomatic neonatal infections by human rota virus strains having subgroup I specificity and long RNA electroph-erotype; Arch virol 1992;126:239-51

28.  Vivek jain et al; Great Diversity of Group A Rotavirus Strains and High Prevalence of Mixed Rotavirus Infections in India; journal of clinical microbiology, Oct. 2001, p. 3524–3529 Vol. 39, No. 10

29.  World Health Organization. Rotavirus vaccines. Weekly Epidemiologicalrecord 2007; 32:285-296

Zuccotti et al ; Epidemiological and clinical features of rotavirus among children younger than 5 years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Northern Italy; BMC Infectious diseases 2010,10:218

Corresponding Author

Subha.K

Assistant Professor, Dept.of Microbiology