Title: Cutaneous Metastases of Internal Malignancies: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Sub-Himalayan Region
Authors: Dr Mudita Gupta, Dr G K Verma, Dr GR Tegta, Dr Shikha Sharma
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.04
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous metastases (CM) are perceived as a sign of advanced disease and are regarded as a grave prognostic indicator.
Materials and Methods: Cases of metastatic tumor deposits in the skin from internal malignant malignancies and lymphomatoid malignancies were recorded from 2014-2016 from the old records of our college
Results: Fourteen cases of cutaneous metastases were recorded: 7 males and 7 females. The age range was 40 to 73 years, with a mean of 56.2 years. Firm multiple nodules were the most relevant clinical presentation in 42.85% of the cases. In 4 cases (28.5 %), cutaneous metastasis was the presenting sign and in rest 10 patients (71.4%) the cutaneous lesions appeared after treatment of malignancies. Most common primary malignancy metastasizing to skin was breast The most common site of metastasis was abdomen in 42.8 % cases, followed by lower back, extremities were rarely involved. Distant metastasis was seen in 35.7 % cases.
Conclusion: Cutaneous metastases are important to recognize because they may help in diagnosing an unknown carcinoma, recurrence of malignancy. Generally cutaneous metastases are poor prognostic signs.
Keywords: Cutaneous metastases, Renal cell carcinoma, Carcinoma breast.
References
1. Lookingbill DP, Spangler N, Helm KF. Cutaneous metastases in patients with metastatic carcinoma: a retrospective study of 4020 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29:228¬-36.
2. White JW Jr. Evaluating cancer metastatic to the skin. Geriatrics 1985; 40: 67–73.
3. Brodland DG, Zitelli JA. Mechanisms of metastasis. J Am AcadDermatol 1992; 27:1–8.
4. Brownstein MH, Helwig EB. Patterns of cutaneous metastasis. Arch Dermatol1972; 105 : 862–68.
5. Kovács KA, Kenessey I, Tímár J. Skin Metastasis of Internal Cancers: A Single Institution Experience. Pathol. Oncol. Res. 2013; 19:515–20.
6. Schwartz RA. Cutaneous metastatic disease. J Am AcadDermatol 1995;33:161-¬82.
7. Hu SC, Chen GS, Lu YW, Wu CS, Lan CC. Cutaneous metastases from different internal malignancies: a clinical and prognostic appraisal. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008;22:735¬-40.
8. Kaplan RN, Rafii S, Lyden D. Preparing the “soil”: The premetastatic niche. Cancer Res. 2006; 66:1089–93.
9. Rosen T. Cutaneous metastases. Med Clin North Am 1980;64:885900.
10. Spencer PS, Helm TN. Skin metastases in cancer patients. Cutis 1987;39:119–21
11. Nilufer Onak Kandemir, Figen Barut, Kıvanç Yılmaz, Husnu Tokgoz, Mubin Hosnuter, and Sukru Oguz Ozdamar, “Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting with Cutaneous Metastasis: A Case Report,” Case Reports in Medicine, vol. 2010, Article ID 913734, 5 pages, 2010. doi:10.1155/2010/913734
12. Basu B Mukherjee S. Cutaneous metastasis in cancer of the uterine cervix: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of the Turk GerGynec Ass 2013; 14: 174-77.
13. Epstein E, MacEachern K. Dermatological manifestations of the lymphoblastoma-leukemia group. Arch Intern Med 1937;60: 867-70.
14. Sariya D, Ruth K, ¬ McDonnell R A, et al. Clinicopathologic correlation of cutane-ous metastases: experience from a cancer center. Arch Dermatol 2007;143: 613-¬20.
15. Gates O. Cutaneous metastases of malignant disease. Am J Cancer 1937;30:71830
16. Sarita Nibhoria, Kanwardeep Kaur Tiw-ana, Manmeet Kaur, and Sumir Kumar, “A Clinicopathological and Immunohist-ochemical Correlation in Cutaneous Metastases from Internal Malignancies: A Five-Year Study,” Journal of Skin Cancer, vol. 2014, Article ID 793937, 5 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/793937
17. Wong CY, Helm MA, Helm TN, Zeitouni N. Patterns of skin metastases: a review of 25 years' experience at a single cancer center. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53:56-60
18. Brownstein MH, Helwig EB. Metastatic tumours of the skin. Arch Dermatol 1972;105:86268.
19. Benmously R, Souissi A, Badri A, Jannet SB, et al H. Cutaneous metastases from internal cancers. ActaDermatoVen ;17: 2008:167-71.
20. Chiu CS, Lin CY, Kuo TT, Kuan YZ, Chen MJ, Ho HC, et al. Malignant cutaneous tumors of the scalp: A study of demographic characteristics and histologic distributions of 398 Taiwanese patients. J Am AcadDermatol 2007;56: 448-52.