Title: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Clinical and Echocardiographic Correlated Study
Authors: Dr Rishabh Naik, Dr Mitesh Thakkar, Dr Rajat Chopra, Dr Jaishree Ghanekar
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i1.23
Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a type of high pressure that occurs in the right side of the heart and in the arteries that supply blood to the lungs (pulmonary arteries). It has an estimated prevalence of 15-50 cases per million. Idiopathic PAH has an annual incidence of 1-2cases per million people in the US and Europe and is 2-4 times more common in women than in men. The mean age at diagnosis is around 45 years. It is unfortunately most frequently diagnosed when patients have reached an advanced stage of the disease (WHO functional class III and IV). A combination of lifestyle changes, medicines and surgeries may alter the progression of the disease but unfortunately, treatment cannot reverse the symptoms and damage caused by PAH.
Aims and Objectives: To study the clinical features of PAH and its echocardiographic changes and also to evaluate the relationship between echocardiographic findings and clinical features in patients with PAH.
Methods: Prospective observational study of 50 patients conducted at MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai between November 2013 to October 2015 for a period of almost two years.
Results and Conclusion: The study conducted to evaluate clinical and echocardiographic correlation in patients of PAH showed that the incidence of PAH is higher in females. It is more common in the higher age group. Dyspnoea is the most common presenting symptom. Maximum patients had TR jet changes followed by RA/RV (Right Atrium/Right Ventricle) changes in echocardiography. Maximum patients had moderate PAH in accordance with echocardiographic changes. Statistically significant co-relation was found between ABG and echocardiographic changes in the study.
Keywords: Pulmonary arterial hypertension, Dyspnoea, Elevated JVP, LoudP2, TR jet changes, RA/RV changes, ABG.
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