Title: Interleukin 2 and Interleukin 6 Profile in Women with Spontaneous Recurrent Abortions and As Predictor of Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Shuchi Jain, Madhu Jain, Zahida, Usha, T.B. Singh
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v3i9.43
Introduction: Successful pregnancy is dependent on T helper type-2 immunity (IL6), helpful in maintaining pregnancy, while T-helper type-I activity (IL2) is responsible for deleterious effect on pregnancy. Material & Methods: Group I- The patients with recurrent spontaneous unexplained abortion in first trimester (n=60) were subdivided in 2 subgroups: a) who subsequently continued pregnancy (n=40) and b) who aborted (n=20). Group II – 40 pregnant women in first trimester who delivered at term without any history of abortion were taken as controls. Blood was collected and analysed for IL2 and IL6 by ELISA kit. Parametric one way analysis of variance was used along with multiple range test (SNK) if necessary for statistical analysis. Result: IL2 (Th1) activity was higher in recurrent spontaneous abortion group weather they continued their pregnancy or aborted in comparison to control (p< .0001). On the other hand Th2 activity was insignificantly decreased (IL6) in both the groups of recurrent aborters in comparison to control. 1. Adashi EY. The potential relevance of cytokines to ovarian physiology: the emerging role of resident ovarian cells of the white blood cells series. Endocr Rev 1990; 11:454-464. 2. Adashi EY, Resnick CE. Antagonistic interactions of transforming growth factors in the regulation of granulosa cell differentiation. Endocrinology 1986; 119: 1879-1881. 3. Stirrat GM. Recurrent miscarriage: its definition and epidemiology. Lancet 1990; 336: 673-675. 4. Hill JA. Immunologic factors in recurrent spontaneous abortions. In: Kurpisz M , Fernandez N, editors. Immunology of Human Reproduction. BIOS, Oxford Press; 1995. p. 401-424. 5. Raghupathy R. Th-1 type immunity is incompatible with successful pregnancy. Immunol Today 1997; 18: 478-482. 6. Lin, H., Mosmann, T.R., Guilbert, L., Tuntipopipat, S. and Wegmann, T.G. Synthesis of T helper 2‐type cytokines at the maternal–fetal interface. J Immunol 1993;151, 4562–4573. 7. Lim, K.J., Odukoya, O.A., Ajjan, R.A., Li, T.C., Weetman, A.P. and Cooke, I.D. Profile of cytokine mRNA expression in peri‐implantation human endomet-rium. Mol Hum Reprod 1998; 4, 77–81. 8. Piccinni MP, Beloni L, Livi C, Maggi, E., Scarselli, G. and Romagnani, S. Defective production of both leukemia inhibitory factor and type 2 T-helper cytokines by decidual T cells in unexplained recurrent abortions. Nat Med 1998; 4: 1020-1024. 9. Saito S, Tsukaguti N, Hasegawa T, Michimata T, Tsuda H, Narita N. Distribution of Th1, Th2 and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios in human peripheral and endometrial T Cells. Am. J. Reprod Immunol 1999 ; 42: 240-245. 10. Tsuda, H, Michimata T, Sakai M, Nagata K, Nakamura, M., and Saito, S. A novel surface molecule of Th 2 – and Tc2-type cells,CRTH2 expression on human peripheral and decidual CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during the early stage of pregnancy. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 123: 105-111. 11. Marzi M, Vigano A, Trabattoni D, Villa ML, Salvaggio A, Clerici E, Clerici M.Characterization of type 1 and type 2 cytokine production profile in physiologic and pathologic human pregnancy. Clin Exp Immunol 1996; 106: 127-133. 12. Makhseed M, Raghupathy R, Azizieh F, Omu A, Al-Shamali E, Ashkanani L. Th1 and Th 2 cytokine profiles in recurrent abortions with successful pregnancy and subsequent abortions. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 2219-2226. 13. Raghupathy R, Makhseed M, Azizieh F, Omu A, Gupta M, Farhat R. Cytokine production by maternal lymphocytes during normal pregnancy and in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Hum Reprod 2000; 15; 713-718. 14. Wilson AG, Di Giovine FS, Blakemore M, Daff GW. Single base polymorphism in the tumour necrosis factor – α (TNF- α) gene detectable by Ncol rectriction of the PCR product. Hum Mol Genet 1992; 1:353. 15. , ,, ,, ,Serum NTF-α, IL-6, lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody in women with and without a past history of recurrent miscarriage Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2004; 270: 227-229 16. Bates MD, Quenby S, Takuwa K, Johnson PM, Vince GS. Aberrant cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in recurrent pregnancy loss? Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 2439-2444. 17. Trachot-Diallot J, Gras G, Parnet-Mathieu, F. , Benveniste O, Marcé D, Roques P, Milliez J, Chaouat G, Dormont D. Modulations of cytokine expression in pregnant women. Am J Reprod Immunol 1997; 37: 215-226. 18. Makhseed M, Raghupathy R, Azizieh F Al-Azemi MM, Hassan NA, Bandar A. Mitogen induced cytokine responses of maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes indicate a differential T-helper-bias in normal pregnancy and pregnancy failure. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999 ; 42: 273-281.Abstract
Objective: To compare the cytokines IL2 and IL6 in cases of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions with those who had a successful pregnancy and with those who had a consequent abortion.
Conclusion: Recurrent Spontaneous aborters have a definite increase in Th1 activity and decreased Th2 activity irrespective of whether they aborted or continued their pregnancy in comparison to controls.References