Title: Trichomoniasis- An Overlooked Sexually Transmitted Disease
Authors: Dr Poonam Woike, Dr Rajesh Gaur, Dr Rajlaxmi Sharma, Dr Yashodhara Gaur
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v3i10.18
Background- Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease of worldwide importance. Women infected during pregnancy are predisposed to premature labor, low birth weight infants and may amplify HIV transmission. Cervicovaginal smear examination is now considered an effective technique for early diagnosis of Trichomonasis. Aims and Objectives- To study the prevalence of Trichomonasis in Gwalior, role of cervicovaginal smear examination in it’s diagnosis and spectrum of disease in various age groups. Methodology- This is a retrospective study. Cases reported over the period of 5 years, from January 2010- December 2014 are included in the study. Sample size was greater than 20000 cases and age group was between 20-70 years. The data of cervicovaginal smear examination reported in past five years were retrieved, compiled and analyzed. Results and Conclusions- Out of 24,292 cases reported, 372 (1.53%) females were positive for Trichomoniasis, with highest incidence found in women aged between 30-39 years (47.31%). Cervicovaginal smear examination with Leishman-Giemsa staining would help in early detection of Trichomoniasis which can prevent various complications in women chiefly in the reproductive age group. Key Words- Trichomoniasis, Premature, HIV, Leishman-Giemsa, Cervicovaginal Smear 1. Hohne O. Trichomonas vaginalis als haufiger erreger ciner typischen colpitis purulenta. Centralblatt Gynaekol 1916;40:4-15. 2. Donne A. Animalcules observes dans les matieres purulentes et le produit des secretions des organs genitaux de I'homme et de la femme. CR Behd. Seances Acad Sci 1836;3:385-6. 3. Hawks S. Santya KG. Diverse realities : Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in India. Sex Transm Infect 2002:78 (Suppl. 1) :i31-9. 4. Cohn SE, Clark RA. Sexually transmitted diseases: HIV AIDS in women. Med Clin North Am 2003;87:971-9 5. Hardy PH, Hardy JB, Nell EE, Graham DA, Spence MR,Rosenbaum RC. Prevalence of six sexually transmitted disease agents among pregnant inter-city adolescents and pregnancy outcome. Lancet 1984:ii:333-7. 6. Cotch MF. Carriage of Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. In program and abstracts of the 30th Interscience Conference on Anti microbial agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology: 1990.p. 199. 7. Cameron DW, Padian NS. Sexual transmission of HIV and the epidemiology of other sexually transmitted diseases. AIDS 1990:4:599-103. 8. Laga M.Nzila N. Goeman J. The interrelationship of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection :Implications for the control of both epidemics in Africa. AIDS 1991:5(Suppl.1):555:63. 9. Secor W, Meites E, Starr M, Workowski K. Neglected parasitic infections in the United States: trichomoniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90(5):800–804. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0723. 10. Madhivanan P, Bartman MT, Pasutti L, Krupp K, Arun A, Reingold AL, Klausner JD. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among young reproductive age women in India: implications for treatment and prevention. 2009 Dec;6(4):339-44. doi: 10.1071/SH09038. 11. SR Fule, RP Fule, NS Tankhiwale Clinical and laboratory evidence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women of reproductive age in rural area Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. 30, No. 3, July-September, 2012, pp. 314-316. 12. Opara K, Udoidiung N, Atting I, Bassey E, Okon E, Nwabueze A : Risk Factors For Vaginal Trichomoniasis Among Women In Uyo, Nigeria. The Internet Journal of Health.. 2009 ;9 (2): 101-115. 13. Jatau, ED, Olonitola SA and Olayinka AT. Prevalence of Trichomonas Infection Among Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Zaria, Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine, 2006; 5(4): 178-181. 14. Jombo GTA, Egah DZ. Banwate EB, Opajobi S O. High vaginal and endocervical swabs: A bacteriological study of 8,433 samples in Jos , Nigeria. Journsal of Medical Laboratory Science. 2006; 15: (2): 41-46. 15. Shuter J, Bell D, Graham D, Holbrook KA, Bellin EY. Rates of and risk factors for trichomoniasis among pregnant inmates in New York City. Sex Transm Dis 1998; 25: 303-7. (s) 16. Franklin TL, Monif GR. Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis. Coexistence in vaginal wet mount preparations from pregnant women. J Reprod Med 2000; 45:131-4. 17. A G Mairiga , H J Balla, M I Ahmad Prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infections among antenatal clients in Maiduguri Nigeria Int J Biol Med Res. 2011; 2(4): 998 – 1002.Abstract
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